Traversing the profile of biomimetically nanoengineered iron substituted hydroxyapatite: synthesis, characterization, property evaluation, and drug release modeling.

Even though ion substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles are associated with promising features for biomedical applications, green synthesis with precise control of size and shape to produce uniform nanoparticles remains elusive. To overcome this, we herein propose a room temperature, biomimetic approach to synthesize iron substituted nano-hydroxyapatite (m-HA) along with thorough physicochemical and biological evaluation. The study revealed that 10% iron could be isomorphously doped into hydroxyapatite crystal structure.

Vaginal calculus secondary to vaginal outlet obstruction.

Primary vaginal stones are extremely rare and are often mistaken for bladder calculi on plain radiography. However, intravenous pyelography and sonography can help differentiate between the two. We report a case of a large vaginal stone in a 21-year-old woman referred for apareunia and difficult micturation.