Ending TB in South-East Asia: flagship priority and response transformation.

Over the decades, the global tuberculosis (TB) response has evolved from sanatoria-based treatment to DOTS (Directly Observed Therapy Shortcourse) strategy and the more recent End TB Strategy. The WHO South-East Asia Region, which accounted for 45% of new TB patients and 50% of deaths globally in 2021, is pivotal to the global fight against TB. "Accelerate Efforts to End TB" by 2030 was adopted as a South-East Asia Regional Flagship Priority (RFP) in 2017.

Global, regional, and national estimates of tuberculosis incidence and case detection among incarcerated individuals from 2000 to 2019: a systematic analysis.

Background: People who are incarcerated are at high risk of developing tuberculosis. We aimed to estimate the annual global, regional, and national incidence of tuberculosis among incarcerated populations from 2000 to 2019.

Methods: We collected and aggregated data for tuberculosis incidence and prevalence estimates among incarcerated individuals in published and unpublished literature, annual tuberculosis notifications among incarcerated individuals at the country level, and the annual number of incarcerated individuals at the country level.

Experience on the first national anti-TB drug resistance survey (DRS) in Timor-Leste.

Background: A national drug resistance survey (DRS) was implemented for the first time in Timor-Leste (TL) in 2019. The primary objective of the survey was to assess the prevalence of drug resistance among new and previously treated pulmonary TB patients in the country.

Methods: This nation-wide cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019 targeting all new and previously treated sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB patients.

Framework for planning and monitoring active TB case finding interventions to meet the global targets in the COVID-19 era and beyond: South-East Asia perspective.

There was an estimated 20-40% decline in tuberculosis (TB) case detection in the South-East Asia Region (SEA Region) during 2020 due to COVID-19 outbreak. This is over and above a million people with TB who were missed each year, prior to the pandemic. Active case finding (ACF) for TB has been gaining considerable interest and investment in the SEA Region and will be even more essential for finding people with TB missed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on progress towards ending tuberculosis in the WHO South-East Asia Region.

Almost half of the deaths worldwide caused by tuberculosis in 2018 occurred in the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia Region, home to around a quarter of the global population. Maintaining robust progress in this region is therefore essential if the global goal of ending the tuberculosis epidemic is to be realized. Substantial gains have been made in the region, but the threat to health worldwide posed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic includes not only the direct effects of the pandemic but also the potential eclipsing of the global tuberculosis emergency.

The potential impact of preventive therapy against tuberculosis in the WHO South-East Asian Region: a modelling approach.

Background: The prevention of tuberculosis (TB) is key for accelerating current, slow declines in TB burden. The 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on eligibility for preventive therapy to treat latent TB infection (LTBI) include people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), household contacts of TB patients including children, and those with clinical conditions including silicosis, dialysis, transplantation, etc. and other country-specific groups.

Ending TB in Southeast Asia: current resources are not enough.

The Southeast Asia Region continues to battle tuberculosis (TB) as one of its most severe health and development challenges. Unless there is a substantial increase in investments for TB prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment, there will be catastrophic effects for the region. The uncontrolled TB burden impacts socioeconomic development and increase of drug resistance in the region.

Strategies for ending tuberculosis in the South-East Asian Region: A modelling approach.

Background & Objectives: To support recent political commitments to end tuberculosis (TB) in the World Health Organization South-East Asian Region (SEAR), there is a need to understand by what measures, and with what investment, these goals could be reached. These questions were addressed by using mathematical models of TB transmission by doing the analysis on a country-by-country basis in SEAR.

Methods: A dynamical model of TB transmission was developed, in consultation with each of the 11 countries in the SEAR.

Management of residual mucogingival defect resulting from the excision of recurrent peripheral ossifying fibroma by periodontal plastic surgical procedure.

Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a local gingival reactive lesion, thought to be originating from the superficial periodontal ligament. It is found most often in the anterior maxilla with predilection for females and high recurrence rate. Clinically, the lesion is observed in gingiva or interdental papilla and manifested either as sessile or pedunculated mass which may appear ulcerated or erythematous or exhibit no color difference from the adjacent healthy gingival tissue.

Modified osteotome sinus floor elevation using combination platelet rich fibrin, bone graft materials, and immediate implant placement in the posterior maxilla.

The osteotome technique is more predictable with simultaneous implant placement when there is <5-7 mm of preexisting alveolar bone height beneath sinus. Proper combination of platelet rich fibrin, mineralized freeze-dried human bone allograft, and autogenous bone has been recommended for this situation. The purpose of this article was to describe the proper method and materials which can grow >10 mm bone with osteotome technique and grafting materials where the edentulous posterior maxilla radio-graphically showed less bone between the alveolar crest and sinus floor.

Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Dentists and Application of DMAIC Technique to Improve the Ergonomics at Dental Clinics and Meta-Analysis of Literature.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) result in discomfort, pain and illness that can result in disruption or impairment of dental practice.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study consisting of 60 dentists was carried out to determine musculoskeletal work related pain in major cities of Northern India. The study was planned in two phases.

Safety of Prasugrel in Indian patients - multicentric registry of 1000 cases.

Background: Clopidogrel has been the only available antiplatelet drug used along with aspirin in patients of ACS. In recent years 2 new antiplatelet drugs (Prasugrel and Ticagrelor) have become available. Prasugrel in the dose of 10 mg OD has been found to be more efficacious but with increased risk of major bleeding.

A study to find the status of probiotics in New Delhi, India and review of strains of bacteria used as probiotics.

Context: Probiotics are living microorganisms, principally bacteria, that are safe for human consumption and, when ingested in sufficient quantities, have beneficial effects on human health, beyond basic nutrition. However, in India people are not aware of their benefits and availability.

Aims: To find status of probiotics in India and to assess the awareness regarding probiotics among chemists in New Delhi, India.

Multiple immediate implants placement with immediate loading.

The replacement of missing teeth with implant-borne restorations has become a treatment modality accepted by the scientific community for fully and partially edentulous patients. Recent reports have demonstrated the successful placement of dental implants into the fresh extraction socket in the anterior as well as in molar regions, which is made possible due to modification in implant surface. The present case report highlights the placement of three bicortical screw (BCS) implants into the fresh extraction sockets and one KOS implant in edentulous area with flapless technique.

Perspective on coronary interventions & cardiac surgeries in India.

Cardiovascular disease has become the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India during the last 3 decades. The genetic predisposition and acquisition of traditional risk factors at a rapid rate as a result of urbanization seems to be the major cause. While efforts are being made to contain this epidemic by educating public and applying preventive measures, the ever increasing burden of patients with symptomatic and life threatening manifestations of the disease is posing a major challenge.

Air travel and pulmonary embolism: "economy class syndrome".

Air travel is implicated as a predisposing factor for thromboembolism, which at times can have catastrophic consequences. We present three cases who developed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and subsequent pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) after transatlantic air travel.

Air travel and pulmonary embolism: "economy class syndrome".

Air travel is implicated as a predisposing factor for thromboembolism, which at times can have catastrophic consequences. We present 3 cases who developed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and subsequent pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) after transatlantic air travel. The relevant literature is discussed.

Myocardial Bridge in association with fixed atherosclerotic lesions treated with drug-eluting stents: a follow-up report with quantitative coronary analysis.

Stenting of muscle bridge is still a controversial issue with concerns regarding high restenosis rates, plaque prolapse and stent fracture. We report a case with significant atherosclerotic disease of right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery associated with a muscle bridge, proximal to the diseased segment which became more prominent after stenting the fixed lesion. This was managed by implanting another drug eluting stent, covering the bridge.

Angiographic follow-up of genous bioengineered stent in acute myocardial infarction (GENAMI)-a pilot study.

Objective: GENAMI, an angiographic follow-up study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new generation endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) capture stent, GENOUS during primary angioplasty for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods: Eleven consecutive patients with acute ST-elevation MI underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using a bio-engineered GENOUS EPC stent.

Results: Procedural success was 100%.

Diffuse unilateral pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae-a rare anomaly.

Diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae are rare, more so when unilateral. This article describes a 12-year-old boy with diffuse right-sided pulmonary arteriovenous fistula in whom prior percutaneous transcatheter coil occlusion has been attempted without success.The patient was subjected to ligation and transection of the right pulmonary artery and he is presently doing well.

Common errors in ECG diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

A variety of clinical conditions not associated with ischemic heart disease can have ECG features mimicking those of ischemic etiology. Some of these entities are: ventricular hypertrophy, intraventricular conduction defects, pre-excitation syndrome, pericarditis, electrolyte disturbances, etc. This can lead to erroneous diagnosis and uncalled for hazardous treatment.