Measuring trends in extinction risk: a review of two decades of development and application of the Red List Index.

The Red List Index (RLI) is an indicator of the average extinction risk of groups of species and reflects trends in this through time. It is calculated from the number of species in each category on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, with trends influenced by the number moving between categories when reassessed owing to genuine improvement or deterioration in status. The global RLI is aggregated across multiple taxonomic groups and can be disaggregated to show trends for subsets of species (e.

Cellular oxygen consumption in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening disorder associated with severe alterations in metabolism and acid-base status. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with diabetes and its complications. Thiamine and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are important factors in aerobic metabolism.

Secondary prophylaxis and specialist review compliance in paediatric patients with acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in a Western Australian metropolitan setting.

Aim: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD), a consequence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF), continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in susceptible young people. Secondary antibiotic prophylaxis is an effective strategy to prevent ARF recurrence and RHD progression. However, the proportion of patients receiving the recommended minimum benzathine penicillin injections (>80%) remains low.

The Discover In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (Discover IHCA) Study: An Investigation of Hospital Practices After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Importance: In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is a significant public health burden. Rates of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) have been improving, but the best way to care for patients after the initial resuscitation remains poorly understood, and improvements in survival to discharge are stagnant. Existing North American cardiac arrest databases lack comprehensive data on the post-resuscitation period, and we do not know current post-IHCA practice patterns.

Corticosteroids to Reduce Inflammation in Severe Pancreatitis (CRISP) protocol and statistical analysis plan: a prospective, multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is a common disease which, in its severe form, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is no specific therapy known to attenuate organ failure in severe pancreatitis and treatment consists primarily of supportive care. Corticosteroids have been shown to be beneficial in disease processes associated with systemic inflammation and could potentially improve outcomes in severe acute pancreatitis.

Thiamine as adjunctive therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKAT) trial protocol and statistical analysis plan: a prospective, single-centre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial in the USA.

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening diabetic complication. Despite the high prevalence of DKA and the substantial associated healthcare burden, limited research on strategies to improve outcomes currently exists.Thiamine (vitamin B1) is a cofactor of pyruvate dehydrogenase, which plays a key role in aerobic glucose metabolism.

Thiamine administration in septic shock: a post hoc analysis of two randomized trials.

Background: This is a post hoc analysis of combined cohorts from two previous Phase II clinical trials to assess the effect of thiamine administration on kidney protection and mortality in patients with septic shock.

Methods: Patient-level data from the Thiamine in Septic Shock Trial (NCT01070810) and the Thiamine for Renal Protection in Septic Shock Trial (NCT03550794) were combined in this analysis. The primary outcome for the current study was survival without the receipt of renal replacement therapy (RRT).

Central catheter tip migration in critically ill patients.

Objectives: Chest X-ray (CXR) is routinely required for assessing Central Venous Catheter (CVC) tip position after insertion, but there is limited data as to the movement of the tip location during hospitalization. We aimed to assess the migration of Central Venous Catheter (CVC) position, as a significant movement of catheter tip location may challenge some of the daily practice after insertion.

Design And Settings: Retrospective, single-center study, conducted in the Intensive Care and Cardiovascular Intensive Care Units in Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center 'Ichilov', Israel, between January and June 2019.

A fully automated method to quantitate total carbon dioxide in equine plasma by headspace GCMS.

Pre-race dosing of horses with alkalinising agents to manipulate performance has been evident in racing worldwide for over 30 years. To regulate the use of alkalinising agents, racing authorities adopted thresholds for total plasma carbon dioxide (TCO ) in racehorses. Traditionally, racing laboratories have measured plasma TCO using ion selective electrode (ISE) technology, with the Association of Official Racing Chemists (AORC) approving the use of only three ISE instruments for measurement.

Children With Medical Complexity in the Canadian Maritimes: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Ongoing developments in the medical field have improved survival rates and long-term management of children with complex chronic health conditions. While the number of children with medical complexity is small, they use a significant amount of health resources across various health settings and sectors. Research to date exploring this pediatric population has relied primarily on quantitative or qualitative data alone, leaving significant gaps in our understanding of this population.

Stakeholder Perspectives of Attributes and Features of Context Relevant to Knowledge Translation in Health Settings: A Multi-Country Analysis.

Background: Context is recognized as important to successful knowledge translation (KT) in health settings. What is meant by context, however, is poorly understood. The purpose of the current study was to elicit tacit knowledge about what is perceived to constitute context by conducting interviews with a variety of health system stakeholders internationally so as to compile a comprehensive list of contextual attributes and their features relevant to KT in healthcare.

Correction to: Lung ultrasound predicts clinical course and outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

The original article can be found online.

Lung ultrasound predicts clinical course and outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

Purpose: Information regarding the use of lung ultrasound (LUS) in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is quickly accumulating, but its use for risk stratification and outcome prediction has yet to be described. We performed the first systematic and comprehensive LUS evaluation of consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection, in order to describe LUS findings and their association with clinical course and outcome.

Methods: Between 21/03/2020 and 04/05/2020, 120 consecutive patients admitted to the Tel Aviv Medical Center due to COVID-19, underwent complete LUS within 24 h of admission.

Improving transitions in care for children with complex and medically fragile needs: a mixed methods study.

Background: Children with medical complexity are a small yet resource intensive population in the Canadian health care system. The process for discharging these children from hospital to home is not yet optimal. The overall goal of this project was to develop recommendations to be included in a provincial strategy to support transitions in care for children with complex and medically fragile needs.

Experiences With Managing the Workplace Social Environment: A Qualitative Study.

Objective: This study aims to examine 1st-line managers' (FLMs') experiences in managing the workplace social environment (WSE).

Background: FLMs are responsible for the establishment and maintenance of supportive WSE essential for effective teamwork. Poorly managed WSE and dysfunctional teams hold negative implications for patients, teams, and organizations.

Understanding context: A concept analysis.

Aims: To conduct a concept analysis of clinical practice contexts (work environments) in health care.

Background: Context is increasingly recognized as important to the development, delivery, and understanding of implementation strategies; however, conceptual clarity about what comprises context is lacking.

Design: Modified Walker and Avant concept analysis comprised of five steps: (1) concept selection; (2) determination of aims; (3) identification of uses of context; (4) determination of its defining attributes; and (5) definition of its empirical referents.

Attributes of context relevant to healthcare professionals' use of research evidence in clinical practice: a multi-study analysis.

Background: To increase the likelihood of successful implementation of evidence-based practices, researchers, knowledge users, and healthcare professionals must consider aspects of context that promote and hinder implementation in their setting. The purpose of the current study was to identify contextual attributes and their features relevant to implementation by healthcare professionals and compare and contrast these attributes and features across different clinical settings and healthcare professional roles.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of 145 semi-structured interviews comprising 11 studies (10 from Canada and one from Australia) investigating healthcare professionals' perceived barriers and enablers to their use of research evidence in clinical practice.

A population pharmacokinetic study of benzathine benzylpenicillin G administration in children and adolescents with rheumatic heart disease: new insights for improved secondary prophylaxis strategies.

Background: Benzathine benzylpenicillin G (BPG) is recommended as secondary prophylaxis to prevent recurrence of acute rheumatic fever and subsequent rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Following intramuscular injection, BPG is hydrolysed to benzylpenicillin. Little is known of the pharmacokinetics of benzylpenicillin following BPG in populations at risk of RHD.

Monitoring spatial and temporal variation of dissolved oxygen and water temperature in the Savannah River using a sensor network.

Dissolved oxygen is a critical component of river water quality. This study investigated average weekly dissolved oxygen (AWDO) and average weekly water temperature (AWT) in the Savannah River during 2015 and 2016 using data from the Intelligent River sensor network. Weekly data and seasonal summary statistics revealed distinct seasonal patterns that impact both AWDO and AWT regardless of location along the river.

Dedicated paediatric Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy medical support: a pre-post observational study.

Objective: Despite the many benefits of paediatric Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) programmes, there are risks associated with delivering inpatient-level care outside of hospital. There is a paucity of evidence defining how best to mitigate these risks. We examined the impact of introducing a dedicated medical team to OPAT, to define the role of increased medical oversight in improving patient outcomes in this cohort.

Determination of testosterone esters in the hair of male greyhound dogs using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.

The doping of greyhound dogs with testosterone is done in an attempt to improve their athletic performance, but such doping cannot easily be confirmed, especially in male dogs owing to the natural presence of endogenous testosterone. As testosterone is usually administered as its esters, their direct detection in hair would provide confirmatory evidence of the administration of a pharmaceutical product. This article demonstrates that the use of a liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry method with heated electrospray ionisation (HESI) combined with the use of amino solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges for sample clean-up, is suitable for the sensitive determination of propionate, phenyl propionate, isocaproate, decanoate, and enanthate esters of testosterone in greyhound hair.