A comparative study of strabismus surgery with retained or removed scleral explant after retinal detachment surgery.

Purpose: To compare, in a larger study population, the outcomes of strabismus surgery in patients who either had the scleral explant (EX) retained or removed after surgery for retinal detachment.

Methods: A comparative retrospective study includes data from 2 centres. Surgical outcome, motor success, sensory success, the number of secondary operations for strabismus and complications were compared between the two groups.

[Ocular torticollis is a diagnostic and surgical challenge].

Torticollis is an abnormal head posture caused by ocular or non-ocular factors. Ocular torticollis (OT) is a compensatory head posture adopted to avoid double vision or dampen nystagmus. In this review, we argue, that causes for OT comprise a wide range of congenital or acquired ocular conditions.

Acute acquired comitant esotropia of childhood: a classification based on 48 children.

Purpose: To identify characteristics of pediatric patients who develop acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) with and without intracranial disease.

Methods: We reviewed the charts of 48 children consecutively referred to the hospital with AACE during a 13-year period. Inclusion criteria were acute onset of comitant esotropia, available data on ophthalmologic, orthoptic and neurologic examinations.

Prevalence and long-term natural course of retinoschisis among elderly individuals: the Copenhagen City Eye Study.

Purpose: To characterize the prevalence and natural course of retinoschisis in a 14-year follow-up study.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Participants: Nine hundred forty-six residents, aged 60 to 80 years, living in the Østerbro district of Copenhagen, participated in the prevalence study from 1986 to 1988.

Human papillomavirus and pterygium. Is the virus a risk factor?

Background: Pterygium is a disease of unknown origin and pathogenesis that might be vision threatening. It is characterised by a wing-like conjunctival overgrowth of the cornea. Several studies have investigated human papillomavirus (HPV) as a risk factor for the development of pterygia, but the results are inconclusive.

Human papillomavirus in normal conjunctival tissue and in conjunctival papilloma: types and frequencies in a large series.

Aim: To examine conjunctival papilloma and normal conjunctival tissue for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV).

Methods: Archival paraffin wax-embedded tissue from 165 conjunctival papillomas and from 20 histological normal conjunctival biopsy specimens was analysed for the presence of HPV by PCR. Specimens considered HPV positive using consensus primers, but with a negative or uncertain PCR result using type-specific HPV probes, were analysed with DNA sequencing.

Risk factors for age-related maculopathy in a 14-year follow-up study: the Copenhagen City Eye Study.

Purpose: To examine the association between potential risk factors and the 14-year incidence of age-related maculopathy (ARM).

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Participants: At baseline, 946 volunteers participated in the study during 1986--88.

14-year incidence, progression, and visual morbidity of age-related maculopathy: the Copenhagen City Eye Study.

Purpose: To describe the 14-year incidence of age-related maculopathy (ARM) lesions and the related visual loss.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Participants: Nine hundred forty-six residents (age range, 60-80 years) of Copenhagen participated in the study from 1986 through 1988.

Age-related maculopathy: a risk indicator for poorer survival in women: the Copenhagen City Eye Study.

Purpose: To examine patient survival in age-related maculopathy in a 14-year follow-up study.

Design: Population-based 14-year cohort study.

Participants: Nine hundred forty-six residents, aged 60 to 80 years, living in the Osterbro district of Copenhagen, Denmark, participated in the first examination conducted from 1986 to 1988.

Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness among 9980 Scandinavian adults: the Copenhagen City Eye Study.

Purpose: To investigate the age-specific prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in an epidemiologic study of an adult Scandinavian population.

Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study.

Participants: The study population was composed of 9980 persons, ages 20 to 84, from the general population of Copenhagen, Denmark.

[Age related macular degeneration. A widespread disease].

Age-related macular degeneration, AMD, is the commonest cause of legal blindness in the industrialised world. Epidemiological data suggest that in Denmark more than 80,000 persons suffer impaired vision in at least one eye, because of AMD. More than 4000 are legally blind owing to this disease.

Prevalence and causes of visual impairment according to World Health Organization and United States criteria in an aged, urban Scandinavian population: the Copenhagen City Eye Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in an epidemiologic study of aged, urban individuals in Denmark.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: The study population consisted of 1000 randomly selected residents aged 60 to 80 years in Copenhagen, Denmark.

The prevalence and causes of bilateral and unilateral blindness in an elderly urban Danish population. The Copenhagen City Eye Study.

Purpose: To study the prevalence and causes of bilateral and unilateral blindness in an elderly urban Danish population.

Methods: Data originated from a Danish epidemiologic cross-sectional random sample population eye survey conducted during the years 1986-1988. The population consisted of 1,000 inhabitants aged 60 to 80 years in Copenhagen.

Natural course in fellow eyes of patients with unilateral age-related exudative maculopathy. A fluorescein angiographic 4-year follow-up of 45 patients.

A prospective fluorescein angiographic study of 45 patients with unilateral age-related exudative maculopathy revealed at the 4-year follow-up that 14 (31%) had developed neovascular membranes in the fellow eyes. Age, drusen size and confluence, as well as pigmentary changes of these 14 were compared with the corresponding characteristics of the 31 eyes that remained non-exudative (atrophic). No significant differences were found.

Interferon alpha-2a treatment of patients with subfoveal neovascular macular degeneration. A pilot investigation.

It has recently been suggested that interferon alpha-2a has a beneficial effect on exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). So far, results are controversial, and masked, placebo controlled, randomized studies with well-defined inclusion criteria are required to assess the effect of interferon alpha-2a. In preparation for such a study we performed a pilot investigation that included 5 patients with subfoveal neovascularizations.

Risk factor analysis for atrophic and exudative age-related macular degeneration. An epidemiological study of 1000 aged individuals.

The relationship between age-related macular degeneration and cardiovascular risk factors and certain life-style factors, collected in the Copenhagen City Heart Study (1981-83), was studied by multiple logistic regression analysis. The ophthalmological study sample comprised 1000 randomly selected persons aged 60 to 80 years. Separate analyses were made for the atrophic and the exudative forms of age-related macular degeneration.

Prevalence of amblyopia in old people without previous screening and treatment. An evaluation of the present prophylactic procedures among children in Denmark.

An epidemiological study of amblyopia was performed among old people without previous screening and treatment. The study revealed a prevalence of 2.9% (strabismic in 2.

Occurrence of drusen, pigmentary changes and exudative changes in the macula with reference to age-related macular degeneration. An epidemiological study of 1000 aged individuals.

Macular changes in 60 to 80-year-old people i.e. drusen (DR), pigmentary changes (PC) and exudative changes (EXC) are assessed by fundoscopy in a random and age stratified population with 924 of the participants examined in both maculae (1848 eyes).

Visual impairment of age-related macular degeneration. An epidemiological study of 1000 aged individuals.

To emphasize the unknown visual impairment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-defined as macular changes causing a visual acuity of 6/9 or less-an epidemiological study was designed including 1000 age stratified and randomly selected Danes, 60-80 years of age. Among the 924 individuals in whom both maculae could be examined (1848 eyes) a total number of 173 AMD eyes was found in 112 persons. For all AMD eyes, the composition of visual loss can be described as an iceberg with minor visual impairment of 6/9-6/12 as the predominant base (71.

Pigmentation of the eye and hair in relation to age-related macular degeneration. An epidemiological study of 1000 aged individuals.

So far, no epidemiological studies have dealt with the relationship between dark and light pigmented Caucasians and the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Based upon hospital referred eye patients, dark ocular pigmentation has previously been suggested as a protective factor. The present study reviews macular degeneration, defined as macular changes implicating a vision of 6/9 or less, in prevalence rates in relation to ocular pigmentation and hair colour in an ethnic homogeneous and random population of 1000 Danes, 60-80 years of age.

Age-related macular degeneration. Macular changes, prevalence and sex ratio. An epidemiological study of 1000 aged individuals.

An epidemiological ophthalmic investigation of 1000 individuals aged 60-80 years disclosed age-related macular degeneration (AMD), i.e. macular changes causing visual impairment in at least one eye with a prevalence of 12.

The concentration of lysozyme and secretory IgA in tears from healthy persons with and without contact lens use.

A comparison of tear lysozyme and tear secretory IgA, determined by micropipette sampling and immunoassay technique, between 18 long-term contact lens wearers (median age 35 years, median lysozyme concentration 1.93 g/l, median IgA concentration 0.72 g/l) and 42 non-contact lens wearers (median age 41 years, median lysozyme concentration 2.

Lysozyme in tears during post-operative inflammation of the eye.

Lysozyme (ly) concentration in tears was measured the day before and the days following intracapsular cataract extraction in 25 patients. A median ly concentration of 1.30 mg/ml was found pre-operatively.

Metal spark perforation of the tympanic membrane with deafness and facial paralysis.

An extremely rare case of traumatic thermal injury of the middle and inner ear with deafness and irreversible peripheral facial palsy is presented. The accident was caused by a metal spark perforating the tympanic membrane during welding.