Mid-Term Clinical and Radiographic Results of Complex Hip Revision Arthroplasty Based on 3D Life-Sized Model: A Prospective Case Series.

The pre-operative three-dimensional (3D) assessment of acetabular bone defects may not be evaluated properly with conventional radiographic and computed tomography images. This paper reports mid-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of complex revision total hip arthroplasty (r-THA) based on a 3D life-sized printed model. Patients who underwent r-THA for septic or aseptic acetabular loosening with acetabular defects Paprosky types IIc, IIIa, and IIIb between 2019 and 2021 were included.

Machine Learning Prediction Model to Predict Length of Stay of Patients Undergoing Hip or Knee Arthroplasties: Results from a High-Volume Single-Center Multivariate Analysis.

The growth of arthroplasty procedures requires innovative strategies to reduce inpatients' hospital length of stay (LOS). This study aims to develop a machine learning prediction model that may aid in predicting LOS after hip or knee arthroplasties. A collection of all the clinical notes of patients who underwent elective primary or revision arthroplasty from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019 was performed.

Imaging of glenohumeral osteoarthritis: Reliability and reproducibility of radiological classifications.

Background: Glenohumeral degenerative joint disease may affect up to 20% of the population. There are several classification systems of this disease in the scientific literature.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the reliability and reproducibility of glenohumeral osteoarthritis classification systems.

Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Hip Revision Surgery and Cerclage Wires Fixation for Vancouver B2 and B3 Fractures: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: The number of patients presenting with periprosthetic hip fractures has increased in recent decades.

Methods: Patients who underwent hip revision arthroplasty procedures for Vancouver type B2 and B3 fractures between 2010 and 2021 were included. The primary intended outcome of this study was to determine the reintervention-free survival rate.

Results of Utilizing Cerclage Wires in the Management of Intraoperative Vancouver B1 Fractures in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasties: A Retrospective Cohort Investigation into Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes.

Background: Due to an increase in total hip arthroplasties (THAs), the incidence of periprosthetic hip fractures (PPHFs) is forecast to rise considerably in the next decades, with Vancouver B1 fractures (VB1) accounting for one third of total cases. Femur fixation with cerclages (with or without screws) is considered the current treatment option for intraoperative VB1.

Methods: The study retrospectively includes data from patients who developed VB1 PPHFs during THAs from 3 December 2020 to 30 November 2022.

Using Three-Dimensional Printing Technology to Solve Complex Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Cases: Do We Really Need Custom-Made Guides and Templates? A Critical Systematic Review on the Available Evidence.

Unlabelled: The burden of osteoarthritis (OA) is around 300 million people affected worldwide, with the hip representing a commonly affected joint. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been used with notable success as a definitive treatment to improve pain and function in hip OA patients. The recent advent of new technologies, such as 3D printing, has pushed the application of these new concepts toward applications for the well-known THA.

Perioperative Complications after Hip and Knee Revision Arthroplasty in the over 80 Years Old Population: A Retrospective Observational Case-Control Study.

Background: The number of joint revision arthroplasties has increased in the elderly population, which is burdened by several perioperative risks.

Methods: Patients who underwent hip and knee revision arthroplasty were retrospectively included, and they were divided into two groups by age: <80 years old (Group 1) and ≥80 years old (Group 2). The primary outcome was to compare perioperative complication rates.

Tantalum Cones for Severe Bone Defects in Revision Knee Arthroplasty: A Minimum 10-Year Follow-Up.

Background: Two-to 6-year results of reconstruction of severe bone defects in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with highly porous tantalum cones have been encouraging, but 10-year follow-up is lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum 10-year results of tantalum cones in revision TKA.

Methods: From 2005 to 2010, 30 consecutive patients (30 knees) underwent revision TKA with the use of cones.

Short-Term Survivorship of 3D-Printed Titanium Metaphyseal Cones in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review.

Background: Several studies have evaluated the outcomes of tantalum cones in revision knee arthroplasty with moderate-to-severe metaphyseal bone defects. However, recent innovations have led to the development of 3-D printed titanium cones to better adapt to host bone, there remains no consensus on their overall performance.

Objective: We therefore performed a systematic review of the literature to examine short-term survivorship and complication rates of their usage in revision TKAs.

Survivorship and clinical outcomes of proximal femoral replacement in non-neoplastic primary and revision total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review.

Background: Several studies have evaluated the survivorship and clinical outcomes of proximal femoral replacement (PFR) in complex primary and revision total hip arthroplasty with severe proximal femoral bone loss; however, there remains no consensus on the overall performance of this implant. We therefore performed a systematic review of the literature in order to examine survivorship and complication rates of PFR usage.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was performed.

Mid-term survivorship and clinical outcomes of the medial stabilized systems in primary total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review.

Introduction: Medial Pivot Total Knee Arthroplasty was introduced in clinical practice in 1990s to reproduce the in vivo-natural knee kinematics. This design is characterized by an asymmetric constraint profile, with aa highly congruent medial compartment, and a less congruent lateral compartment. Short-term outcomes of the medial pivot systems in primary knee arthroplasty have been widely reported in the current literature, however, only few studies have described results beyond 5-year follow-up.

What are the benefits of robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty over conventional manual total knee arthroplasty? A systematic review of comparative studies.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a highly successful operation that improves patients' quality of life and functionality. Yet, up to 20% of TKA patients remain unsatisfied with the functional outcomes. Robotic TKA has gained increased attention and popularity in order to improve patient satisfaction and implant survivorship by increasing accuracy and precision of component implantation.

Surgical implications of the hip-spine relationship in total hip arthroplasty.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is considered the most successful orthopedic surgical procedure of the last century with excellent survivorship up to 20-years. However, instability remains a major issue representing the most common reason for revision after THA. Hip-spine relationship has gained progressive interest between arthroplasty surgeons and its understanding is crucial in order to identify high-risk patients for postoperative dislocation.

Reconstruction options and outcomes for acetabular bone loss in revision hip arthroplasty.

Revision total hip arthroplasty in the setting of acetabular bone loss is a challenging procedure and requires a solid understanding of current acetabular reconstruction options. Despite major developments in the field of revision hip surgery in recent decades, reconstruction of acetabular defects remains a major problem in order to achieve primary stability and durable fixation without sacrificing additional bone stock. Although there are several ways to classify acetabular bone defects, the Paprosky classification system is the most commonly used to describe the defects and guide treatment strategy.

Effects of ST1936, a selective serotonin-6 agonist, on electrical activity of putative mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in the rat brain.

The serotonin-6 (5-HT6) receptor is the most recently discovered serotonin receptor, and it represents an increasingly promising target for improving cognition in both normal and disease states. Recently, a new selective 5-HT6 receptor agonist, 2-(5 chloro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine (ST1936), with nanomolar affinity for 5-HT6 receptors was described. We performed in-vivo electrophysiological studies to investigate the physiological role of 5-HT6 receptors in the control of the function of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA).

Bioethanol production from steam-pretreated corn stover through an isomerase mediated process.

Agricultural by-products such as corn stover are considered strategic raw materials for the production of second-generation bioethanol from renewable and non-food sources. This paper describes the conversion of steam-pretreated corn stover to ethanol utilising a multi-step process including enzymatic hydrolysis, isomerisation, and fermentation of mixed hydrolysates with native Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An immobilised isomerase enzyme was used for the xylose isomerisation along with high concentrations of S.

5-HT2 receptors-mediated modulation of voltage-gated K+ channels and neurophysiopathological correlates.

The activity of voltage-gated K(+) channels (Kv) can be dynamically modulated by several events, including neurotransmitter stimulated biochemical cascades mediated by G protein-coupled receptors such as 5-HT2 receptors (5-HT2Rs). Activation of 5-HT2A/CR inhibits the Shaker-like K(+) channels Kv1.1 and Kv1.

Morphological and metabolic changes in the nigro-striatal pathway of synthetic proteasome inhibitor (PSI)-treated rats: a MRI and MRS study.

Systemic administration of a Synthetic Proteasome Inhibitor (PSI) in rats has been described as able to provide a model of Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized by behavioral and biochemical modifications, including loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), as assessed by post-mortem studies. With the present study we aimed to assess in-vivo by Magnetic Resonance (MR) possible morphological and metabolic changes in the nigro-striatal pathway of PSI-treated rats. 10 animals were subcutaneously injected with PSI 6.

Nitric oxide modulation of the basal ganglia circuitry: therapeutic implication for Parkinson's disease and other motor disorders.

Several recent studies have emphasized a crucial role for the nitrergic system in movement control and the pathophysiology of the basal ganglia (BG). These observations are supported by anatomical evidence demonstrating the presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in all the basal ganglia nuclei. In fact, nitrergic terminals have been reported to make synaptic contacts with both substantia nigra dopamine-containing neurons and their terminal areas such as the striatum, the globus pallidus and the subthalamus.

Role of serotonin in central dopamine dysfunction.

The interaction between serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA)-containing neurons in the brain is a research topic that has raised the interest of many scientists working in the field of neuroscience since the first demonstration of the presence of monoamine-containing neurons in the mid 1960. The bulk of neuroanatomical data available clearly indicate that DA-containing neurons in the brain receive a prominent innervation from serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) originating in the raphe nuclei of the brainstem. Compelling electrophysiological and neurochemical data show that 5-HT can exert complex effects on the activity of midbrain DA neurons mediated by its various receptor subtypes.

Critical role of nitric oxide on nicotine-induced hyperactivation of dopaminergic nigrostriatal system: Electrophysiological and neurochemical evidence in rats.

Nicotine, the main psychoactive ingredient in tobacco, stimulates dopamine (DA) function, increasing DA neuronal activity and DA release. DA is involved in both motor control and in the rewarding and reinforcing effects of nicotine; however, the complete understanding of its molecular mechanisms is yet to be attained. Substantial evidence indicates that the reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse, including nicotine, can be affected by the nitric oxide (NO) system, which may act by modulating central dopaminergic function.

The unilateral nigral lesion induces dramatic bilateral modification on rat brain monoamine neurochemistry.

6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a neurotoxic compound commonly used to induce dopamine (DA) depletion in the nigrostriatal system, mimicking Parkinson's disease (PD) in animals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the 7-day effect of unilateral nigral lesion on rat brain monoamine neurochemistry. Five brain regions were examined: the brain stem, cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum, and cortex.

Involvement of nitric oxide in nigrostriatal dopaminergic system degeneration: a neurochemical study .

The present study was undertaken to explore the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) experimental model of Parkinson's disease (PD) in rats. The effect of pharmacological manipulation of the NO system was evaluated on striatal dopamine (DA) level decrease produced by the toxin. 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, 50 mg/kg i.

Intake of tomato-enriched diet protects from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced degeneration of rat nigral dopaminergic neurons.

There is extensive evidence that oxidative damage of dopamine (DA)-containing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) may contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). We evaluated the potential neuroprotective effect of diets enriched with wild-type Red Setter (RS) tomato or transgenic High Carotene (HC) tomato, rich in beta-carotene, obtained by the activation of lycopene beta-cyclase (tlcy-b), in an animal model of PD. Male Fischer 344 rats were fed for 14 days with standard Altromin diet, 5% RS- or 5% HC-enriched diet.

In vivo microdialysis in Parkinson's research.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is primarily characterized by the degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons in the nigrostriatal system, which in turn produces profound neurochemical changes within the basal ganglia, representing the neural substrate for parkinsonian motor symptoms. The pathogenesis of the disease is still not completely understood, but environmental and genetic factors are thought to play important roles. Research into the pathogenesis and the development of new therapeutic intervention strategies that will slow or stop the progression of the disease in human has rapidly advanced by the use of neurotoxins that specifically target DA neurons.