Preoperative risk factors in total thyroidectomy of substernal goiter.

The definition of substernal goiter (SG) is based on variable criteria leading to a considerable variation in the reported incidence (from 0.2% to 45%). The peri- and postoperative complications are higher in total thyroidectomy (TT) for SG than that for cervical goiter.

Symptoms of obstructive defecation syndrome: functional outcome after stapled haemorrhoidectomy.

Background: Patients with haemorrhoids often present obstructive defecation symptoms. Preoperative they can be classified in three groups: slight, severe and mild symptoms. Aim of this study was to postoperatively evaluate functional outcome in patients who underwent stapled haemorrhoidectomy in mild obstructive defecation syndrome.