Assessment of 2'-Fucosyllactose and Lacto-N-Neotetraose Solution as an Irrigant in -Infected Root Canals: An In Vitro Study.

Background: Given the lack of an ideal endodontic irrigant on the market, this study evaluates the antimicrobial potential of a formulated solution of 2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose against within infected root canals, and explores any associated impacts related to the duration of irrigation.

Methods: 32 single-rooted teeth extracted for periodontal reasons were infected with , and subsequently subjected to endodontic treatment with two different irrigation systems: sodium hypochlorite or a solution of 2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose. These samples were then incubated in sterile culture media at 37 °C to observe microbial activity through turbidity.

Indoor air pollution: an Italian Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) study among the general population.

Background: Indoor air pollution negatively affects population health and the national health services in terms of socio-economic costs. The presence of indoor pollutants depends a lot on lifestyles.

Study Design: The aim of this work is to evaluate knowledge, daily habits and the preventive behaviors in order to contrast the effects on health caused by indoor pollutants.

How sizeable are the knowledge, attitude and perception of food risks among young adults? An Italian survey.

Background: in recent years, food safety has become increasingly important and a public health priority, especially in developed and rich countries.

Objectives: to investigate knowledge and perception of food risk among young adults and the related behaviours.

Design: observational study conducted from March to October 2022 through the administration of an anonymous questionnaire based on multiple-choice questions spread online through social networks.

Rates of Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer: A Study in a Province in the South of Italy.

In Italy, cervical cancer represents the fifth most prevalent cancer in women under 50 years of age and is one of the most commonly detected lesions globally. Given the developing burden of the disease and the availability of both primary and secondary prevention measures, their accurate surveillance is of paramount importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trends in cervical cancer screening adherence in the period between 2020 and 2022, as well as to evaluate positive tests, identifying the most frequently associated genotypes and the vaccination coverage.

Between mandatory vaccination and the COVID-19 pandemic: effects on the vaccination coverage trend in a province of Southern Italy.

Background And Aim: Although vaccination is considered an extraordinarily effective and safe tool for the prevention of infectious diseases, from 2013 to 2016 CVs at national level showed a downward trend, falling well below the 95% threshold recommended by the WHO to limit the circulation of viruses and bacteria in the community and to obtain the so-called herd effect in addition to the protection of individual vaccinated individuals. The aim of the study was to assess vaccination coverage data following the introduction of Law 119/2017 and in like to COVID-19 pandemic the impact on vaccination coverage.

Methods: The study was conducted from 1 October 2019 to 1 October 2022, using the OnVac programme.

Health literacy in Mediterranean general population.

Introduction: Health literacy refers to "the ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and access health services in order to make informed choices." In essence, being able to acquire, understand, and use information for one's own health.

Methods: Observational study through the administration of a face-to-face questionnaire conducted between July and September 2020 on 260 individuals residing between Calabria and Sicily, aged between 18 and 89 years.

The Importance of COVID-19/Influenza Vaccines Co-Administration: An Essential Public Health Tool.

Vaccine co-administration is an important tool with several advantages for public health, among which is the increase of vaccination coverage, as well as economic and logistical benefits. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the immune response to the COVID-19 first booster dose in healthcare workers (HCWs) who chose co-administration and in HCWs who received only COVID-19 vaccination and to investigate personal opinions about the experience of co-administration. We carried out a retrospective analysis involving two groups of HCWs, both vaccinated with the complete primary cycle and the first booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, but one of them was also vaccinated, at the same time as the first booster dose, with the influenza vaccine.

Insight into Prevention of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae: A Short Review.

(gonococcus) and (meningococcus) are important global pathogens which cause the sexually transmitted diseases gonorrhea and meningitis, respectively, as well as sepsis. We prepared a review according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), with the aims of (a) evaluating the data on the MenB vaccination as protection against sexually transmitted infections by and (b) to briefly comment on the data of ongoing studies of new vaccines. We evaluated existing evidence on the effect of 4CMenB, a multi-component vaccine, on invasive diseases caused by different meningococcal serogroups and on gonorrhea.

Reactogenicity and Humoral Immune Response after Heterologous Vaxzevria/Comirnaty Vaccination in a Group of Individuals Vaccinated in the AOU Policlinic "G. Martino" (Messina, Italy): A Retrospective Cohort Study.

On 11 June 2021, the Italian Ministry of Health authorized the heterologous vaccination schedule. The goals of our retrospective study were to (a) evaluate the undesirable effects after the administration of Vaxzevria and Comirnaty vaccines; (b) evaluate the antibody response after 28 days from the administration of the second dose; and (c) compare the antibody responses after the homologous and heterologous vaccination regimens. The undesirable effects were collected using a survey; IgG Spike was quantified using the electrochemiluminescence method; the comparison between the antibody responses was carried out using the sample of a homologous vaccine schedule previously analyzed.

COVID-19: opinions and behavior of Italian general population during the first epidemic phase.

Background And Aim: On January 9, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that Chinese health authorities had identified a new coronavirus strain never before isolated in humans, the 2019-nCoV later redefined SARS-CoV-2, that still today represent a public health problem. The present survey started on 10 February 2020 with the aim of a) assessing the risk perception in healthcare workers and young students, following the evolution of attitudes, perception and knowledge over time, b) provide useful information to the general population during survey.

Results: A study sample consisting of 4116 Italian individuals of both sexes was enrolled.

A Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception Study on Flu and COVID-19 Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicentric Italian Survey Insights.

In January 2020, Chinese health authorities identified a novel coronavirus strain never before isolated in humans. It quickly spread across the world, and was eventually declared a pandemic, leading to about 310 million confirmed cases and to 5,497,113 deaths (data as of 11 January 2022). Influenza viruses affect millions of people during cold seasons, with high impacts, in terms of mortality and morbidity.

COVID-19 serological evaluation in a cohort of Vaccinated and Seropositive healthcare workers.

Introduction: Severe Acquired Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection represents an unprecedented public health problem and, at present, vaccination is the only weapon available to combat the infection. The simplest and most immediate method to quantify the response of the subject's immune system to vaccination and / or infection is the serological assessment of the antibody titer. The objective of our study was 1) to evaluate the presence of antibody responses in a sample of healthcare workers subjected to a complete vaccination course as per ministerial provisions (double dose for negatives and single dose for ex-SARS-CoV subjects -2 positive) with Comirnaty vaccine (Pfizer / BioNTech) 2) evaluate the presence of statistically significant associations for sex, age and previous positive swab.

Predicting needlestick and sharps injuries in nursing students: Development of the SNNIP scale.

Aim: To develop an instrument to investigate knowledge and predictive factors of needlestick and sharps injuries (NSIs) in nursing students during clinical placements.

Design: Instrument development and cross-sectional study for psychometric testing.

Methods: A self-administered instrument including demographic data, injury epidemiology and predictive factors of NSIs was developed between October 2018-January 2019.

Molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms in the 21th century: a review of the literature.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are the most frequent and severe complication acquired in healthcare settings with high impact in terms of morbidity, mortality and costs. Many bacteria could be implicated in these infections, but, expecially multidrug resistance bacteria could play an important role. Many microbial typing technologies have been developed until to the the bacterial whole-genome sequencing and the choice of a molecular typing method therefore will depend on the skill level and resources of the laboratory and the aim and scale of the investigation.

Hospital infection control and behaviour of operating room staff.

Objectives: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a frequent complication of surgical procedures and one of the most common forms of hospital acquired infection (HAI). National/international guidelines and recommendations have been issued for prevention. The objective of this study was to observe the behaviour of healthcare workers engaged in surgical procedures and hence assess compliance with SSI guidelines.

Healthcare workers' vaccination at European and Italian level: a narrative review.

Today some vaccine-preventable diseases remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite the availability of new vaccines. Healthcare workers are particularly at risk to acquire an infection disease, playing a fundamental role in nosocomial transmission, which makes them an important target group for vaccination. The vaccination recommendations of HCWs, as well as the general population, differ from country to country.

The 'Dangerous Cocktail': an epidemiological survey on the attitude of a population of pregnant women towards some pregnancy risk factors.

Many investigations have shown the important role played by risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol and infectious agents (especially Rubella) in the development of congenital anomalies (CAs). Through the administration of a questionnaire, we evaluated the attitude of a population of pregnant women towards some risk factors in pregnancy (smoking and alcohol habit and risk of contracting one of TORCH agents). 14% of the women continued to smoke despite pregnancy; the majority of these were 34-35 years old, divorced, workers and with a high educational level.

Mitochondrial Impairment Induced by Sub-Chronic Exposure to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.

Human exposure to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can cause health issues due to their chemical-physical features and biological interactions. These nanostructures cause oxidative stress, also due to endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which increases following mitochondrial impairment. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the health effects, due to mitochondrial dysfunction, caused by a sub-chronic exposure to a non-acutely toxic dose of multi walled CNTs (raw and functionalised).

Reducing healthcare-associated infections incidence by a probiotic-based sanitation system: A multicentre, prospective, intervention study.

Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI) are a global concern, further threatened by the increasing drug resistance of HAI-associated pathogens. On the other hand, persistent contamination of hospital surfaces contributes to HAI transmission, and it is not efficiently controlled by conventional cleaning, which does not prevent recontamination, has a high environmental impact and can favour selection of drug-resistant microbial strains. In the search for effective approaches, an eco-sustainable probiotic-based cleaning system (Probiotic Cleaning Hygiene System, PCHS) was recently shown to stably abate surface pathogens, without selecting antibiotic-resistant species.

Trend of MDR-microorganisms isolated from the biological samples of patients with HAI and from the surfaces around that patient.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) continue to be a major public health concern. A number of epidemiologically relevant HAI microorganisms are multidrug-resistant (MDR) germs that can spread rapidly and/or carry multiple resistance to antibiotics. They are the cause of high mortality and possible nosocomial epidemics.

Congenital rubella syndrome and immunity status of immigrant women living in southern Italy: a cross-sectional, seroepidemiological investigation.

Objectives: A National Programme to eliminate Measles and Congenital Rubella was implemented in Italy in 2003. It aimed to achieve elimination by 2010 in line with the targets set by the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rubella antibodies in samples of immigrant women living in southern Italy.

Prevalence of serum anti-rubella virus antibodies among pregnant women in southern Italy.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of anti-rubella virus antibodies and the level of knowledge about congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) among pregnant women living in southern Italy.

Methods: A seroepidemiologic study was conducted between July 1, 2006, and December 31, 2007. Five-hundred women resident in Messina were enrolled in the study; the participants were in the 4th to 39th week of pregnancy.

[A survey of the social and health conditions of immigrants living in the city of Messina (Italy)].

From december 2002 to May 2003 a questionnaire was administered to a sample of the immigrant population living in Messina (Italy), in order to evaluate their social and health conditions. Of great interest are data revealing that nearly all immigrants, despite being regularly enrolled in the Italian National Health Service (INHS), do not utilize available services when ill. The survey identified one of the reasons for this to be insufficient visibility and accessibility of the INHS in that time period.