RETRACTED: Bahmad et al. Histopathologic Findings Associated with Miller-Dieker Syndrome: An Autopsy Report. 2022, , 95.

The Journal retracts the article, Histopathologic Findings Associated with Miller-Dieker Syndrome: An Autopsy Report [...

Single-cell heterogeneity of EGFR and CDK4 co-amplification is linked to immune infiltration in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor, with a median survival of ∼15 months. Targeted approaches have not been successful in this tumor type due to the large extent of intratumor heterogeneity. Mosaic amplification of oncogenes suggests that multiple genetically distinct clones are present in each tumor.

Pulmonary Granulomas and Mycobacterial Infection: Concordance between the Results of Special Stains Performed on Lung Tissue Sections and Tissue Cultures.

Background: The most common cause of infectious pulmonary granulomas worldwide is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, histopathologic findings, detection of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in tissue or sputum using special stains, and/or isolation of mycobacteria in cultures or via PCR-based methods. Different studies have shown that high levels of discrepancy exist between these diagnostic approaches in lung tissue specimens.

Histopathologic Findings Associated with Miller-Dieker Syndrome: An Autopsy Report.

Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital lissencephaly (absent or diminished cerebral gyri), facial dysmorphisms, neurodevelopmental retardation, intrauterine fetal demise, and death in early infancy or childhood. We present a case of a 4-year-old girl with MDS (17p13.3p13.

Intraosseous meningioma mimicking osteosarcoma.

Background: Predominantly intraosseous meningiomas are rare entities that include true primary intraosseous meningiomas (PIM), as well as meningiomas that may show extensive bone involvement, such as meningiomas. Different hypotheses have been proposed to decipher the origin of PIMs, such as ectopic arachnoid cap cell entrapment during birth or after trauma. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice of such lesions.

Paraduodenal Pancreatitis: A Deceptive Abdominal Mass with Unique Histologic Findings.

Paraduodenal pancreatitis (PP) is an uncommon abdominal pathology characterized by scarring of the pancreaticoduodenal space. Diagnosis of this inflammatory process is challenging as its clinical presentation is similar to that of pancreatic cancer. Currently, no definitive radiologic or pathologic features have been established to permit diagnosis of PP without surgical resection.

Recurrent metastatic breast cancer manifesting as pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and infarcts: A clinicopathological correlation.

Pulmonary Tumor Thrombotic Microangiopathy (PTTM) is a fatal complication of malignancy characterized by embolization of tumor cells to the pulmonary vasculature leading to a vascular reaction resulting in stenosis and pulmonary hypertension. Because the clinical manifestations of PTTM overlap with those of other entities, premortem diagnosis is challenging. We describe an unusual case of PTTM as the only clinical manifestation of recurrent metastatic breast cancer.

Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists, Diabetic Retinopathy and Angiogenesis: The AngioSafe Type 2 Diabetes Study.

Aims: Recent trials provide conflicting results on the association between glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The aim of the AngioSafe type 2 diabetes (T2D) study was to determine the role of GLP-1RA in angiogenesis using clinical and preclinical models.

Methods: We performed two studies in humans.

The anatomic substrate of irreversible airway obstruction and barotrauma in a case of hurricane-triggered fatal status asthmaticus during puerperium: Lessons from an autopsy.

Non-fully reversible airway obstruction in fatal asthma is often seen in association with profound structural changes of the bronchial wall, termed airway remodeling. Evidence suggests that heavy precipitation events can trigger epidemics of severe asthma. We present a case of fatal asthma in a young woman with no prior near-fatal exacerbations and postulate that the patient's extensive airway remodeling and puerperal state (susceptibility factors), in combination with a massive allergen challenge during a hurricane landfall (triggering factor), played a central role in her death.

Active cushing syndrome patients have increased ectopic fat deposition and bone marrow fat content compared to cured patients and healthy subjects: a pilot 1H-MRS study.

Objective: Glucocorticoid excess is one of the most important causes of bone disorders. Bone marrow fat (BMF) has been identified as a l new mediator of bone metabolism. Cushing syndrome (CS), is a main regulator of adipose tissue distribution but its impact on BMF is unknown.

One-year impact of bariatric surgery on serum anti-Mullerian-hormone levels in severely obese women.

Introduction: Although bariatric surgery seems to increase spontaneous fertility by improving ovulatory function in young women, its impact on ovarian reserve remains largely unknown.

Objective: To evaluate changes in serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in reproductive-age severely obese women after bariatric surgery (BS).

Methods: AMH levels were measured retrospectively in 39 women (mean age 34.

Lean body weight is the best scale for venous thromboprophylaxis algorithm in severely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Severely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). How standard low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) regimen should be adapted to provide both sufficient efficacy and safety in this setting is unclear. We aimed to compare the influence of four body size descriptors (BSD) on peak anti-Xa levels in BS obese patients receiving LMWH fixed doses to identify which one had the greatest impact.

Pituicytoma: Review of commonalities and distinguishing features among TTF-1 positive tumors of the central nervous system.

Pituicytoma is a rare low-grade glial neoplasm that originates in the distribution of the neurohypophysis, including the posterior pituitary lobe and infundibular stalk. The tumor cells resemble pituicytes, which are specialized glial cells of the neurohypophysis. Pituicytoma can be misdiagnosed pre-operatively as a pituitary adenoma due to overlapping clinical and neuroimaging features between these two entities.

Acute gastric volvulus: a deadly but commonly forgotten complication of hiatal hernia.

Gastric volvulus is a rare condition resulting from rotation of the stomach beyond 180 degrees. It is a difficult condition to diagnose, mostly because it is rarely considered. Furthermore, the imaging findings are often subtle resulting in many cases being diagnosed at the time of surgery or, as in our case, at autopsy.

Scolecobasidium granulomatous pneumonia and abscess - an emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen: a case report.

Scolecobasidium sp. are commensal soil and water thermophilic dematiaceous fungi. They are commonly isolated as contaminants from respiratory secretions due to their abundant presence in water supplies, but they are also rare yet emerging culprits producing severe opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals.

Transformation of a Silent Adrencorticotrophic Pituitary Tumor Into Central Nervous System Melanoma.

Silent adrenocorticotrophic pituitary adenomas are nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas that express adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) but do not cause the clinical or laboratory features of hypercortisolemia. Primary central nervous system (CNS) melanoma is well documented, but rarely originates in the sellar region or pituitary gland. Here we report transformation of an aggressive silent adrenocorticotrophic pituitary adenoma that transformed into CNS melanoma and review other presentations of pituitary melanoma.

Pituitary carcinoma in situ.

Objective: Pituitary carcinomas are extremely rare tumors associated with poor prognosis despite surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. The hallmark of diagnosis implies subarachnoid, brain, or systemic tumor spread.

Methods: We report a case of rapid transformation of atypical nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma to a carcinoma.

Glioblastoma with oligodendroglioma component (GBM-O): molecular genetic and clinical characteristics.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor with an average survival of approximately 1 year. A recently recognized subtype, glioblastoma with oligodendroglioma component (GBM-O), was designated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2007. We investigated GBM-Os for their clinical and molecular characteristics as compared to other forms of GBM.

The use of neuroimaging to guide the histologic diagnosis of central nervous system lesions.

Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques, particularly in magnetic resonance imaging, have led to substantially improved spatial anatomic resolution such that subtle or small central nervous system lesions, which could go undetected on gross examination of brain sections, are now readily identified on imaging. Although neuroimaging is generally considered the surrogate of gross neuropathology, it is still not a substitute for tissue diagnosis. Rather, it can be a valuable tool for the surgical pathologist in the process of formulating a differential diagnosis based on location and imaging features, as well as in identifying radiologic/pathologic discordance, such as the possible undersampling of a heterogenous glioma, which could lead to underestimation of the tumor grade.

35-year-old HIV-positive woman with Basal forebrain mass.

A 35-year-old African American woman with HIV/AIDS presented with altered mental status. A CT of the head revealed an infiltrating hypodense intra-axial mass within the basal forebrain. Lumbar puncture showed a lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated protein and low glucose.

[Towards unity in Hippocratic medicine: Airs, eaux, lieux, et Maladies I].

The treatises De aeris locis (related to Cos) and De morbis I (attributed to Cnide) are often considered rivals by the Hippocratic criticism which still admits the existence of an ideological conflict between the authors. However, the comparative study of the different passages reveals a doctrinal identity which cannot be justified, as required by the traditional criticism, merely by the influence of one school on the other. So, besides an identical and etiological pattern (external and released causes and internal and humoural causes) the physiology of the two treatises is controlled by the same physical principles, those used by the Milesian physiologists to explain the water cycle and rain formation: the process of the disease is in fact related to cosmo-meteorological phenomena.