Endoscopic endonasal surgery for prolactinomas: prognostic factors for disease control and management of persistent disease.

Only a limited number of studies have focused on the results of the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach (EEA) for treatment of prolactinomas. We sought to assess the effectiveness of EEA for prolactinoma surgery, identify factors for disease remission, and present our approach for the management of persistent disease. Forty-seven prolactinomas operated over 10 years, with a mean follow-up of 59.

Endoscopic Treatment of Rathke's Cleft Cysts: The Case for Simple Fenestration.

Background: Rathke's cleft cysts (RCC) arise from the pars intermedia because of incomplete regression of the embryologic Rathke pouch. A subset of RCC becomes symptomatic causing headaches, visual and endocrinological disturbances such that surgical intervention is indicated. Several points in surgical management remain controversial including operative strategy (simple fenestration (SF) vs complete cyst wall resection (CWR)) as well as reconstructive techniques.

The Unified Visual Function Scale Assessments Show Inter- and Intraobserver Agreement and Correlate with Patient Quality of Life in Skull Base Parasellar Tumors.

 The authors have previously described the Unified Visual Function Scale (UVFS). Here, we assessed intra- and interobserver reliability of the scale, and investigated correlations with patient quality of life (QoL).  Eight healthcare practitioners independently applied the UVFS in 20 representative cases from our parasellar meningioma series.

Erratum to: Lessons learned from contemporary glioblastoma randomized clinical trials through systematic review and network meta-analysis: part 1 newly diagnosed disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab028.].

Lessons learned from contemporary glioblastoma randomized clinical trials through systematic review and network meta-analysis: part 2 newly diagnosed disease.

Background: Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common malignant brain tumor with a dismal prognosis despite standard of care (SOC). Here we used a network meta-analysis on treatments from randomized control trials (RCTs) to assess the effect on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) beyond the SOC.

Methods: We included RCTs that investigated the addition of a new treatment to the SOC in patients with newly diagnosed GB.

Lessons learned from contemporary glioblastoma randomized clinical trials through systematic review and network meta-analysis: part 2 recurrent glioblastoma.

Background: There exists no consensus standard of treatment for patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GB). Here we used a network meta-analysis on treatments from randomized control trials (RCTs) to assess the effect on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) to determine if any consensus treatment can be determined for recurrent GB.

Methods: We included all recurrent GB RCTs with at least 20 patients in each arm, and for whom patients underwent standard of care at the time of their GB initial diagnosis.

Pediatric multicompartmental trigeminal schwannoma: illustrative case.

Background: Trigeminal schwannoma (TS) is an uncommon and histologically benign intracranial lesion that can involve any segment of the fifth cranial nerve. Given its often impressive size at diagnosis and frequent involvement of critical neurovascular structures of the skull base, it represents a challenging entity to treat. Pediatric TS is particularly rare and presents unique challenges.

Adult isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant brainstem glioma: illustrative case.

Background: Adult brainstem gliomas are rare entities that demonstrate heterogeneous biology and appear to be distinct from both their pediatric counterparts and adult supratentorial gliomas. Although the role of histone 3 mutations is being increasingly understood in this disease, the effect of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations remains unclear, largely because of limited data.

Observations: The authors present the case of a 29-year-old male with an IDH1-mutant, World Health Organization grade III anaplastic astrocytoma in the dorsal medulla, and they provide a review of the available literature on adult IDH-mutant brainstem glioma.

Atonic seizures in children: a meta-analysis comparing corpus callosotomy to vagus nerve stimulation.

Purpose: Atonic seizures are associated with a particularly poor response to medical treatment. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of corpus callosotomy (CC) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in the management of atonic seizures in the pediatric population.

Methods: A literature search was performed in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and recommendations, focusing on atonic seizures, CC, and VNS in pediatric populations.

Long-term outcomes after surgery for catastrophic epilepsy in infants: institutional experience and review of the literature.

Objective: Uncontrolled epilepsy is associated with serious deleterious effects on the neurological development of infants and has been described as "catastrophic epilepsy." Recently, there has been increased emphasis on early surgical interventions to preserve or rescue neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with early intractable epilepsy. The enthusiasm for early treatments is often tempered by concerns regarding the morbidity of neurosurgical procedures in very young patients.

Bilateral cervical facet dislocations at two adjacent levels: A case report.

Background: Cervical facet dislocations are rare in patients sustaining traumatic subaxial injuries. They occur due to hyperflexion-distraction and can occur unilaterally or bilaterally resulting in significant spinal instability. Bilateral facet dislocations at one level are less common than unilateral dislocations, while bilateral facet dislocations at adjacent spinal levels have only been reported twice in literature.

Medical and surgical management of acute spinal injury during pregnancy: A case series in a third-world country.

Background: There is scant literature describing the management of acute spinal injury in pregnant patients. Here, we report our experience with five cases of pregnant patients including three females who suffered acute traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs).

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated five pregnant women presenting with traumatic spinal injuries over a 16-month period.

Natural History, Multimodal Management, and Quality of Life Outcomes of Trigeminal Schwannomas.

 Trigeminal schwannomas are the second most common among intracranial schwannomas. These can arise from anywhere between the root and the distal extracranial branches of the trigeminal nerve. Clinical presentation depends on location and size, including but not limited to facial hypesthesia or pain, headaches, dizziness, ataxia, and diplopia.

A novel scale for describing visual outcomes in patients following resection of lesions affecting the optic apparatus: the Unified Visual Function Scale.

OBJECTIVEHistorically, descriptions of visual acuity and visual field change following intracranial procedures have been very rudimentary. Clinicians and researchers have often used basic descriptions, such as "improved," "worsened," and "unchanged," to describe outcomes following resections of tumors affecting the optic apparatus. These descriptors are vague, difficult to quantify, and challenging to apply in a clinical perspective.

Burr holes, bone flaps, and goose quills: Dr Frank Turnbull, Vancouver's first neurosurgeon.

Dr Frank Turnbull was a pioneer neurosurgeon - the first neurosurgeon in Vancouver, Canada. He started his practice in 1933 after spending time during a neurosurgical 'residency' with Dr Kenneth Mackenzie, Canada's first neurosurgeon. Dr Turnbull practiced at a time when the perception of his speciality was dim, and the resources available to him were limited.

Perioperative Quality of Life in Cushing's Disease.

Background: Our study evaluated the perioperative quality of life (QoL) in Cushing's disease (CD) patients, along with correlations between patient variables and cure rate.

Methods: The 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF)-36 questionnaire was used to assess perioperative QoL. Patients completed one survey preoperatively and two surveys postoperatively.