Removal of baclofen with hemodialysis is negligible compared to intact kidney excretion in a pediatric overdose: a case report.

Introduction: Severe baclofen toxicity can result in respiratory failure, hemodynamic instability, bradycardia, hypothermia, seizures, coma, and death. While hemodialysis (HD) is well-described in treating acute baclofen toxicity in patients with end-stage kidney disease or acute kidney injury, the utility of HD for patients with normal kidney function is uncertain. Implementing HD to speed recovery after a large acute baclofen ingestion is appealing, considering: (a) potential for prolonged coma and ventilator-associated morbidity, and (b) baclofen's low protein-binding, low molecular-weight, and moderate volume of distribution.

Loperamide misuse to avoid opioid withdrawal and to achieve a euphoric effect: high doses and high risk.

Introduction: Loperamide is a readily accessible nonprescription medication that is increasingly being used surreptitiously as an opioid substitute to alleviate the symptoms of acute opioid withdrawal. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of patients with loperamide misuse and toxicity.

Methods: The ToxIC registry, a nationwide, prospectively collected cohort of patients evaluated by medical toxicologists was searched from November 2011-December 2016 for patients with loperamide exposure.

Pediatric Poisoning by Ingestion: Developmental Overview and Synopsis of National Trends.

The American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data Surveillance System provides real-time toxico-surveillance and epidemiologic trends, and pediatric ingestions comprise most of those reports. The sequences in social and physical developmental milestones from young childhood to adolescence reveal the vulnerability of these age groups to a wide variety of potential poisonous ingestions. Most pediatric ingestions are exploratory.