Adrenal insufficiency in hemodialysis patients-An under-recognized problem: A case series.

Adrenal insufficiency is an uncommon disorder and presents with non-specific symptoms. Identifying adrenal insufficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis is increasingly difficult as there is a significant overlap of the signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency with those seen in chronic kidney failure. We highlight this diagnostic uncertainty in a case series of three patients with chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis as renal replacement therapy from a single center identified as hypoadrenal.

The effect of mitral annuloplasty shape in ischemic mitral regurgitation: a finite element simulation.

Background: Undersized mitral annuloplasty (MA) is the preferred surgical treatment for chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation. However, the preferred shape of undersized MA is unclear.

Methods: A previously described finite element model of the left ventricle with mitral valve based on magnetic resonance images of a sheep with chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation after posterolateral myocardial infarction was used.