Morning Exercise Reduces Abdominal Fat and Blood Pressure in Women; Evening Exercise Increases Muscular Performance in Women and Lowers Blood Pressure in Men.

The ideal exercise time of day (ETOD) remains elusive regarding simultaneous effects on health and performance outcomes, especially in women. Given known sex differences in response to exercise training, this study quantified health and performance outcomes in separate cohorts of women and men adhering to different ETOD. Thirty exercise-trained women (BMI = 24 ± 3 kg/m; 42 ± 8 years) and twenty-six men (BMI = 25.

Effects of Palm Stearin versus Butter in the Context of Low-Carbohydrate/High-Fat and High-Carbohydrate/Low-Fat Diets on Circulating Lipids in a Controlled Feeding Study in Healthy Humans.

Background: Foods rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) have been discouraged by virtue of their cholesterol-raising potential, but this effect is modulated by the food source and background level of carbohydrate.

Objective: We aimed to compare the consumption of palm stearin (PS) versus butter on circulating cholesterol responses in the setting of both a low-carbohydrate/high-fat (LC/HF) and high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HC/LF) diet in healthy subjects. We also explored effects on plasma lipoprotein particle distribution and fatty acid composition.

Resistant Starch Combined with Whey Protein Increases Postprandial Metabolism and Lowers Glucose and Insulin Responses in Healthy Adult Men.

Resistant starch (RS) and/or protein consumption favorably influence energy metabolism, substrate utilization, and weight management. The current study administered four different versions of a pancake breakfast containing waxy maize or RS with and without whey protein (WP) and measured postprandial thermogenesis (TEM), fuel utilization, and circulating satiation and appetite factors for 180 min in a group of healthy, adult men. On four separate visits to the laboratory, eight participants were administered four different pancake breakfast meal challenges using a single-blind, randomized crossover design: (1) waxy maize starch (WMS) control; (2) WMS and WP (WMS + WP); (3) RS; or (4) RS and WP (RS + WP).

A ketogenic diet combined with exercise alters mitochondrial function in human skeletal muscle while improving metabolic health.

Animal data indicate that ketogenic diets are associated with improved mitochondrial function, but human data are lacking. We aimed to characterize skeletal muscle mitochondrial changes in response to a ketogenic diet combined with exercise training in healthy individuals. Twenty-nine physically active adults completed a 12-wk supervised exercise program after self-selection into a ketogenic diet (KD, = 15) group or maintenance of their habitual mixed diet (MD, = 14).

A Pre-Workout Supplement of Ketone Salts, Caffeine, and Amino Acids Improves High-Intensity Exercise Performance in Keto-Naïve and Keto-Adapted Individuals.

Acute ingestion of ketone supplements alters metabolism and potentially exercise performance. No studies to date have evaluated the impact of co-ingestion of ketone salts with caffeine and amino acids on high intensity exercise performance, and no data exists in Keto-Adapted individuals. We tested the performance and metabolic effects of a pre-workout supplement containing beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) salts, caffeine, and amino acids (KCA) in recreationally-active adults habitually consuming a mixed diet (Keto-Naïve; n = 12) or a ketogenic diet (Keto-Adapted; n = 12).

Quantification of Human Central Adipose Tissue Depots: An Anatomically Matched Comparison Between DXA and MRI.

Excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and VAT volume relative to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) are associated with elevated health risks. This study compares fat measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In total, 21 control subjects (Control) and 16 individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) were scanned by DXA and MRI.

Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves metabolic syndrome independent of weight loss.

BACKGROUNDMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly correlated with obesity and cardiovascular risk, but the importance of dietary carbohydrate independent of weight loss in MetS treatment remains controversial. Here, we test the theory that dietary carbohydrate intolerance (i.e.

Extended Ketogenic Diet and Physical Training Intervention in Military Personnel.

Introduction: Ketogenic diets (KDs) that elevate ketones into a range referred to as nutritional ketosis represent a possible nutrition approach to address the emerging physical readiness and obesity challenge in the military. An emerging body of evidence demonstrates broad-spectrum health benefits attributed to being in nutritional ketosis, but no studies have specifically explored the use of a KD in a military population using daily ketone monitoring to personalize the diet prescription.

Materials And Methods: To evaluate the feasibility, metabolic, and performance responses of an extended duration KD, healthy adults (n = 29) from various military branches participated in a supervised 12-wk exercise training program.

Nutritional Ketosis and Mitohormesis: Potential Implications for Mitochondrial Function and Human Health.

Impaired mitochondrial function often results in excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is involved in the etiology of many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Moderate levels of mitochondrial ROS, however, can protect against chronic disease by inducing upregulation of mitochondrial capacity and endogenous antioxidant defense. This phenomenon, referred to as mitohormesis, is induced through increased reliance on mitochondrial respiration, which can occur through diet or exercise.

Performance Enhancing Diets and the PRISE Protocol to Optimize Athletic Performance.

The training regimens of modern-day athletes have evolved from the sole emphasis on a single fitness component (e.g., endurance athlete or resistance/strength athlete) to an integrative, multimode approach encompassing all four of the major fitness components: resistance (R), interval sprints (I), stretching (S), and endurance (E) training.

Comparing no-flow time during endotracheal intubation versus placement of a laryngeal mask airway during a simulated cardiac arrest scenario.

Introduction: Traditionally, pausing chest compressions during airway management in a cardiac arrest has been the accepted norm. However, updated American Heart Association and the European Resuscitation Council guidelines for Advanced Cardiac Life Support emphasize reducing pauses in chest compressions, often referred to as "no-flow time," to improve return of spontaneous circulation. We used simulation to evaluate whether placing a laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal intubation via direct laryngoscopy would reduce no-flow times during a simulated cardiac arrest.