Megarectum: systematic histopathological evaluation of 35 patients and new common pathways in chronic rectal dilatation.

Aims: Megarectum is well described in the surgical literature but few contemporary pathological studies have been undertaken. There is uncertainty whether 'idiopathic' megarectum is a primary neuromuscular disorder or whether chronic dilatation leads to previously reported and unreported pathological changes. We sought to answer this question.

Solid pseudopapillary tumour of the pancreas: clinicopathological analysis.

Background: We report on our experience of the surgical management and outcomes of 11 patients with solid pseudopapillary tumour of the pancreas (SPT). We sought to correlate the immunohistochemical staining of these tumours with that previously reported in the literature.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical presentation, radiological findings, surgical treatment, histopathological characteristics and outcomes for patients surgically managed with SPT at The Royal London Hospital.

Inhibition of de novo NAD(+) synthesis by oncogenic URI causes liver tumorigenesis through DNA damage.

Molecular mechanisms responsible for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain largely unknown. Using genetically engineered mouse models, we show that hepatocyte-specific expression of unconventional prefoldin RPB5 interactor (URI) leads to a multistep process of HCC development, whereas its genetic reduction in hepatocytes protects against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC. URI inhibits aryl hydrocarbon (AhR)- and estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated transcription of enzymes implicated in L-tryptophan/kynurenine/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) metabolism, thereby causing DNA damage at early stages of tumorigenesis.

Diagnosis of rare malignant tumours of the breast by FNA cytology--a report of 3 cases.

This report describes the fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology findings in 3 cases with breast tumours. The characteristic cyto architectural pattern helped in the diagnosis of two papillary carcinomas. The predominant spindle cell pattern with scattered bizarre cells was interpreted as malignant spindle cell tumour in one case.