Innovative berberine nanoethosomal vaginal in situ gel: Unraveling polycystic ovary syndrome treatment on female Wistar rats.

Purpose: The present work seeks to develop, assess and refine a nanoethosomal vaginal in situ gel containing Berberine, aimed at enhancing its efficacy in treating Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). This formulation aims to augment drug permeation, enable controlled release kinetics, and mitigate oral adverse effects commonly associated with Berberine administration.

Method: Nanoethosomes formulated using diverse soya lecithin-ethanol concentrations within a 3 full-factorial-design, sought optimal formulations based on particle size and %entrapment-efficiency.

Formulation, optimization and evaluation of amisulpride-loaded niosomal intranasal gel for brain targeting.

To develop stable non-ionic surfactant vesicles containing amisulpride (AMS) to improve brain uptake via nose to brain mechanism. Niosomes were developed using a modified ethanol injection technique, optimized using 3 factorial design and evaluated for the vesicle size (VS), percent encapsulation efficiency (EE), zeta potential (ZP) and % cumulative drug release (%CDR). Optimized niosomes (Span-60: cholesterol ratio 0:1) showed 191.

Nervous system (NS) Tumors in Cancer Predisposition Syndromes.

Genetic syndromes which develop one or more nervous system (NS) tumors as one of the manifestations can be grouped under the umbrella term of NS tumor predisposition syndromes. Understanding the underlying pathological pathways at the molecular level has led us to many radical discoveries, in understanding the mechanisms of tumorigenesis, tumor progression, interactions with the tumor microenvironment, and development of targeted therapies. Currently, at least 7-10% of all pediatric cancers are now recognized to occur in the setting of genetic predisposition to cancer or cancer predisposition syndromes.

Relationship between cortisol, Interleukin-6 and homocysteine in Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by progressive cognitive decline due to neurodegeneration. Over activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, oxidative stress and inflammation potentially damage the neuronal system, affecting cognition.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the relationship between serum cortisol, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in AD.

Study of IL-6 and vitamin D3 in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis can grow in hostile intracellular environment of macrophages by actively evading macrophage-associated antibacterial activities. The stress response factor contributes this process by releasing inflammatory cytokine Interleukin 6 (IL-6). IL-6 screening of patients with TB may be useful to monitor the progress of infection and to infer the risk of progression to active disease.

Association of serum total bilirubin and plasma 8-OHdG in HIV/AIDS patients.

Oxidative stress is a major contributor in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR) and DNA damage in HIV/AIDS patients. Bilirubin has been shown to have antioxidant effects. In this case-control study, 600 subjects were included.

Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Oxidative DNA Damage in HIV/AIDS Patients.

HIV-infected adults may be likely to have metabolic syndrome (MS) at younger ages and in the absence of obesity compared with general population. In the present study, we determined prevalence of MS and its association with oxidative deoxy nucleic acid (DNA) damage in HIV-1 infected patients with different ART status. We used plasma level of the oxidized base, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.

Report of (C. L. Koch, 1845) and Biswas, 1977 from India (Araneae, Thomisidae).

Background: The genus Doleschall, 1859 presently comprises 13 valid species, nine known from Africa and four from Asia. All species are known from females only, except Thorell, 1894 and Biswas, 1977 from both sexes and from juvenile. Only, was reported from India.

Protein carbonyl content: a novel biomarker for aging in HIV/AIDS patients.

Background: The major complications of "treated" Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are cardiovascular disease, malignancy, renal disease, liver disease, bone disease, and perhaps neurological complications, which are phenomena of the normal aging process occurring at an earlier age in the HIV-infected population. The present study is aimed to explore protein carbonyl content as a biomarker for detecting oxidative DNA damage induced ART toxicity and/or accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS patients.

Objective: To investigate the potential of carbonyl content as a biomarker for detecting oxidative Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage induced Antiretroviral Theraphy (ART) toxicity and/or accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS patients.

Helicobacter pylori gastritis, a presequeale to coronary plaque.

Helicobacter pylori are considered the most common human pathogen colonizing gastric mucosa. Gastritis with or without H. pylori infection is associated with increase in levels of homocysteine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) but a more pronounced increase is noted in gastritis with H.

Nitric oxide, carbonyl protein, lipid peroxidation and correlation between antioxidant vitamins in different categories of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: Lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, carbonyl protein, causing production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen intermediates that lead to oxidative, nitrosative stress. The stress is found to cause deterioration in the cellular function, mutagenesis, and DNA damage. The oxidative stress is correlated with the antioxidant vitamins status.

Effect of methylxanthines (coffee/tea consumers) on oral precancer and oral cancer patients with smoking and smokeless tobacco habits.

Aim: To study, whether the consumption of regular tea/coffee (methylxanthines) increases the risk of oral cancer in patients with smoking and smokeless tobacco habits.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted on a total of 90 oral cancer and precancerous patients, from western Maharashtra (India) males in the age group of 20 to 45 years who were with smoking and smokeless tobacco habits; also regular tea/coffee consumers were subjected to biochemical parameters such as aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) from saliva and serum of patients with oral precancer (submucous fibrosis, leukoplakia) and oral cancer patients and compared with 90-age and sex-matched controls. Individuals consent was taken to measure their biochemical parameters, by using Hafkenscheid method in whole saliva and serum.

The roles of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and the carbonyl protein in pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: This study determines the protein carbonyls which cause cellular damage and glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase act as antioxidants.

Materials And Methods: This study was carried out in different categories of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis cases of newly sputum culture positive diagnosed pulmonary categorie I (n=100), extra pulmonary patients categorie (n=35) before and after the DOTS treatment of 6 months, categorie II (n=100), categorie III (n=100) and in normal control subjects (n=100).

Results: The serum protein carbonyl levels were significantly increased in the pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Association between single nucleotide polymorphism in collagen IX and intervertebral disc disease in the Indian population.

Background: Symptomatic intervertebral disc degeneration is being recently reported in younger population, questions the basis of its degenerative etiology. Latest evidences show that genetics play a significant role. Collagen IX, an important constituent of disc, is found to be altered in genetically predisposed individuals.

Opportunities of habitat connectivity for tiger (Panthera tigris) between Kanha and Pench National Parks in Madhya Pradesh, India.

The Tiger (Panthera tigris) population in India has undergone a sharp decline during the last few years. Of the number of factors attributed to this decline, habitat fragmentation has been the most worrisome. Wildlife corridors have long been a subject of discussion amongst wildlife biologists and conservationists with contrasting schools of thought arguing their merits and demerits.

Study of serum homocysteine, folic Acid and vitamin b(12) in patients with preeclampsia.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of association between homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B(12) in patients with preeclampsia. Fifty preeclamptic patients from gynecology ward were studied for estimation of serum homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B(12) over a period of October 2007 to June 2010. Serum homocysteine and folic acid, and vitamin B(12) were determined by means of Immulite 1000 analyzer.

E-Cadherin as a diagnostic biomarker in breast cancer.

Background: E-cadherin is expressed in most normal epithelial tissues. Selective loss of E-cadherin can cause dedifferentiation and invasiveness in human carcinomas, leading E-cadherin to be classified as a tumor suppressor. Loss of E-cadherin has been demonstrated in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast, but the relationship between E-cadherin expression and breast cancer histopathology and prognosis is less clear.

Ki-67 biomarker in breast cancer of Indian women.

Background: Biological markers that reliably predict clinical or pathological response to primary systemic therapy early during a course of chemotherapy may have considerable clinical potential.

Aims: Aims of study to evaluated changes in Ki-67 (MIB-1) labeling index and apoptotic index (AI) before, during, and after neoadjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy in breast cancer in Indian women.

Materials And Methods: Breast cancer tissues were collected from Grant Medical College and Sir J.

The p53 breast cancer tissue biomarker in Indian women.

Background: Combination chemotherapy is highly effective in locally advanced breast cancer. A negative expression of biomarker p53 indicates a higher chance of responding to this regimen. Patients' p53 status may be used as a biological cancer marker to identify those who would benefit from more aggressive treatments.

Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) in breast cancer of Indian women.

Objective: To determine the expressions and relationship between estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PgRs) in breast cancer in Indian women.

Participants: Surgically removed breast cancer tissues were collected from Grant Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India, taking (n = 300) cases of infiltrating duct cancer of Indian women after radical mastectomy and lumpectomy; the age- and menopausal-related subgroups satisfied this requirement.

Measurements: Statistical significance was calculated by the likelihood ratio test; relative risk served to check for significant differences.

Cancer biomarker HER-2/neu in breast cancer in Indian women.

Aim And Objectives: In Indian women with breast cancer, the HER-2/neu gene is amplified in 30% of cases. Elevated serum HER-2/neu levels have been shown to be associated with a poor clinical prognosis and decreased survival in early stage breast cancer patients, and testing for this may help to manage the disease. The present study was therefore to estimate serum HER-2/neu levels in breast cancer patients and associate these with other prognostic factors.

Triple-negative (ER, PgR, HER-2/neu) breast cancer in Indian women.

The aim of our study was to analyze triple-negative (TN) breast cancer, which is defined as being negative for the estrogen receptor (ER), the progesterone receptor (PgR), and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2/neu) and which represents a subset of breast cancer with different biologic behavior. We investigated the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic indicators of lymph node-negative TN breast cancer. Medical records were reviewed from patients with node-negative breast cancer who underwent curative surgery at Grant Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India, from May 2007 to October 2010.

Acute respiratory failure as a manifestation of an arachnoid cyst.

Arachnoid cysts are the most common congenital cystic lesions in the brain occurring in the middle fossa, suprasellar region and occasionally in the posterior fossa. Conventionally all cysts are considered as benign and symptoms are attributed to expansion of cysts causing compression of adjacent neurological structures, bleeds within the cyst or due to the development of acute hydrocephalus. We are reporting this case of a 15-year-old female patient with non-progressive weakness in the limbs since the age of seven years who presented with acute onset syncopal attacks and respiratory failure.