When Marriage Hurts: A Literature Review of Embedded Jewellery Ring Injuries.

A ring is traditionally worn as a symbol of love and affection or as decorative ornamental jewellery. However, rings are not without risk. The spectrum of danger can range from debilitating avulsion injuries to simple contact dermatitis.

Outcome of Single Stage Revision ACL Reconstruction. Retrospective Study and Review of Literature.

Background: Pragmatic review of outcomes for single stage revision ACL reconstruction performed in a single center and the reasons for failure in primary surgery.

Material And Methods: Retrospective study included 59 patients with revision ACL reconstruction done by one surgeon from 2007 to 2017.Clinical records, operative notes and x-rays were assessed to find the reasons of failure.

Is vitamin D deficiency behind the scenes for high incidence of Giant cell tumor amongst the Indian population? Unraveling the vitamin D - RANKL association.

Introduction: The major neoplastic and proliferative component of GCTB is the stromal tumor cells; that they have shown no evidence of bone destruction, instead the massive tissue destruction appears to be a result of tumor induced osteoclastogenesis. The discovery of receptor activator of nuclear factor kB (RANK) and RANK binding ligand (RANKL) uncovered the bone homeostasis and molecular mechanism by which multiple compounds (including vitamin D) regulated osteoclast differentiation; a function mediated by osteoblastic cells and osteoclast-precursor cells.

Hypothesis: In a country burdened by vitamin D deficiency, causal relation between hypovitaminosis D and GCTB was hypothesized based on the vitamin D mediated RANKL expression and osteoclastogenesis, as India is also a population with higher incidence of GCTB as compared to Western populations described in the literature.