Role of optical coherence tomography angiography in retinal tumors: A narrative review.

Intraocular tumors constitute a small subset of cases in ophthalmologic practice. Proper diagnosis of intraocular tumors is crucial because some pose threat to vision and life, while others may indicate underlying systemic disorders. Intraocular tumors comprise benign and malignant lesions affecting the retina, choroid, optic disc, iris, and ciliary body.

Vascular Changes in Eyes with Post-Fever Retinitis Pre and Post Treatment Demonstrated Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: To document vascular changes in eyes with post-fever retinitis (PFR) pre and post treatment demonstrated using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: This is a retrospective observational case series wherein patients with PFR were retrospectively evaluated for changes in the retinal vasculature during the course of disease using OCTA.

Results: At presentation, OCTA revealed flow void areas in superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP and DCP) corresponding to the areas of retinitis.

Efficacy of peribulbar bupivacaine at the end of surgery in the management of postoperative pain after scleral buckling.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of peribulbar bupivacaine with routine analgesics for pain management in patients undergoing scleral buckling.

Methods: In total, 72 patients undergoing scleral buckling or combined with vitrectomy were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomized into two groups, each containing 36 patients.

A rare case report of panuveitis with retinochoroidal involvement, retinitis, and retinal vasculitis due to extensive tinea corporis.

A 40-year-old Asian Indian woman, diagnosed as having idiopathic panuveitis (elsewhere) 3 years earlier and being treated with oral steroids (20 mg/day) and methotrexate (25 mg/week), presented to us with worsening vision in both eyes. Her best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was perception of light in her right eye and counting fingers close to face in her left eye. A slit lamp examination showed an anterior chamber (AC) reaction (1+) in both eyes with posterior synechia, a total cataract in her right eye, and pseudophakia in her left eye.

Modified balanced two-string technique of internal scleral fixation of posteriorly dislocated intraocular lens.

Posterior dislocation of the intraocular lens (IOL) is a rare but potentially dangerous complication encountered by a cataract surgeon. We describe a modified balanced two-string technique of internally fixing a posteriorly dislocated rigid IOL using the pars plana approach in eyes which lack adequate capsular support. Five eyes of five patients underwent the procedure.

Diagnostic Markers in Ocular Sarcoidosis in A High TB Endemic Population - A Multicentre Study.

Aim: To look at markers to differentiate ocular sarcoidosis from ocular tuberculosis in a high TB endemic population.

Materials & Methods: Retrospective multicenter study involving seven tertiary eyecare centers in India between July 2016 to December 2016. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were retrieved from respective hospital databases.

Drug-induced uveitis: A review.

Uveitis maybe induced by the use of various medications known as drug-induced uveitis (DIU), though rare it is an important cause of uveitis which one needs to be aware of. The drugs may be administered through any route including systemic, topical, and intravitreal. Ocular inflammation can be in the form of anterior, intermediate, posterior or pan uveitis, and rarely may present as episcleritis and scleritis.

Viral anterior uveitis.

Viral anterior uveitis (VAU) needs to be suspected in anterior uveitis (AU) associated with elevated intraocular pressure, corneal involvement, and iris atrophic changes. Common etiologies of VAU include herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, cytomegalovirus, and rubella virus. Clinical presentations can vary from granulomatous AU with corneal involvement, Posner-Schlossman syndrome, Fuchs uveitis syndrome, and endothelitis.

Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Using Smartphone-Based Fundus Imaging in India.

Purpose: Early detection and treatment can prevent irreversible blindness from diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is the leading cause of visual impairment among working-aged adults worldwide. Some 80% of affected persons live in low- and middle-income countries, yet lack of resources has largely prevented DR screening implementation in these world regions. Smartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI) allows for low-cost mobile fundus examination using an adapter on a smartphone; however, key aspects such as image quality, diagnostic accuracy, and comparability of different approaches have not been systematically assessed to date.

Recurrent unintentional filtering blebs after vitrectomy: A case report.

A lady who underwent lensectomy for microspherophakia and pars plana vitrectomy for retinal detachment in her left eye developed recurrent filtering blebs at the site of sclerotomies. Filtering blebs were managed by suturing the sclerotomies. Targeted gene sequencing identified a variant of ASPH gene (p.

Double-Layer Sign: A New OCT Finding in Active Tubercular Serpiginous-like Choroiditis to Monitor Activity.

Purpose: To describe a novel spectral-domain (SD) OCT finding of a double-layer sign at the site of activity in tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis (SLC) and how this sign can be used to assess treatment response in these eyes.

Design: Retrospective, observational case series.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed simultaneous fundus photographs and SD OCT and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images of eyes affected with tubercular SLC from the acute stage until resolution of lesions using the Heidelberg Spectralis HRA and OCT system (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany).

Optical coherence tomography angiography-based analysis of intrinsic vasculature in juxtapapillary melanoma after ruthenium-106 plaque brachytherapy.

In this case report, we demonstrate the use of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) as a tool to evaluate intrinsic vasculature in a case of juxtapapillary melanoma which underwent ruthinium.106 plaque brachytherapy. In this case, OCTA could demonstrate a decrease in caliber and density of the intrinsic vasculature of the tumor post brachytherapy.

Vitrectomy as a treatment modality in vitreous seeding secondary to ciliary body melanocytoma.

Melanocytoma is a locally invasive intraocular tumor usually located in the optic nerve head, iris, ciliary body and choroid. Melanocytoma can undergo necrosis and lead to pigment dispersion. We report a case of melanocytoma of the ciliary body with vitreous seeds filling the vitreous cavity.

A rare case of giant subretinal migration of cysticercosis cyst with extensive epiretinal membrane and subretinal fibrosis.

Cysticercosis is caused by cysticercus cellulosae, the larval form of pork tapeworm. In intraocular cysticercosis the cyst enters the subretinal space via the choroid and then gains entry into the vitreous cavity by piercing the retina. It is well established that the cyst can incite extensive intraocular inflammation.

Optical coherence tomography angiography in assessment of response to therapy in retinal capillary hemangioblastoma and diffuse choroidal hemangioma.

In this series, we discuss the role of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in assessing response to treatment in intraocular vascular tumors. This is a series of two cases: Multiple retinal capillary hemangioblastoma (RCH) treated with laser photocoagulation and diffuse choroidal hemangioma (DCH) with radiotherapy. In large RCH and DCH, optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed significant reduction of subretinal and intraretinal fluid.

Ocular coherence tomography angiography features of congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium.

Congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) is a benign, pigmented, flat lesion arising from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In this study, we describe optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) features of two eyes with solitary CHRPE. We found that the retinal vasculature over CHRPE was normal in both cases.

Chandelier-assisted scleral buckling in an eye with longstanding inert foreign body with fresh rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) present in varied manners which in turn necessitate their removal in majority of the cases. A stone foreign body can remain inert inside the eye for years. Retinal detachment in eyes following penetrating trauma with an IOFB is common, but a combination of fresh rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in an eye with a longstanding inert stone foreign body is extremely rare.

Optical coherence tomography angiography features of retinitis post-rickettsial fever.

The intraocular manifestations of rickettisial retinitis include retinal vasculitis, maculopathy, optic neuritis, and neurosensory detachment. Extensive leakage of dye on the fundus fluorescein angiography may obscure visualization in eyes with retinitis. We report the vascular changes in eyes with rickettsial retinitis and its response to treatment using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Optical coherence tomography angiography of fleeting macroaneurysm in retinal racemose angioma.

We present a rare case of retinal racemose angioma complicated with fleeting macroaneurysm (MA). A 50-year-old female presented with diminution of vision in her right eye for 6 years. Fundus examination showed a racemose angioma with hemorrhagic MA temporal to the fovea in the right eye.