Integration of CRISPR/Cas9 with multi-omics technologies to engineer secondary metabolite productions in medicinal plant: Challenges and Prospects.

Plants acts as living chemical factories that may create a large variety of secondary metabolites, most of which are used in pharmaceutical products. The production of these secondary metabolites is often much lower. Moreover, the primary constraint after discovering potential metabolites is the capacity to manufacture sufficiently for use in industrial and therapeutic contexts.

Insights into the role of sterol metabolism in antifungal drug resistance: a mini-review.

Sterols are essential for eukaryotic cells and are crucial in cellular membranes' structure, function, fluidity, permeability, adaptability to environmental stressors, and host-pathogen interactions. Fungal sterol, such as ergosterol metabolism, involves several organelles, including the mitochondria, lipid droplets, endoplasmic reticulum, and peroxisomes that can be regulated mainly by feedback mechanisms and transcriptionally. The majority of sterol transport in yeast occurs via non-vesicular transport pathways mediated by lipid transfer proteins, which determine the quantity of sterol present in the cell membrane.

Overexpression of Confers Amphotericin B Resistance in a Dependent Manner in Yeast .

Invasive fungal infections in humans with compromised immune systems are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality, which is becoming more widely acknowledged. Amphotericin B (AmB) is one of the antifungal drugs used to treat such infections. AmB binds with plasma membrane ergosterol, inducing cellular ions to leak and causing cell death.

Current insight into the role of mRNA decay pathways in fungal pathogenesis.

Pathogenic fungal species can cause superficial and mucosal infections, to potentially fatal systemic or invasive infections in humans. These infections are more common in immunocompromised or critically ill patients and have a significant morbidity and fatality rate. Fungal pathogens utilize several strategies to adapt the host environment resulting in efficient and comprehensive alterations in their cellular metabolism.

Antifungal drug resistance in Candida: a special emphasis on amphotericin B.

Invasive fungal infections in humans caused by several Candida species, increased considerably in immunocompromised or critically ill patients, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Candida albicans is the most prevalent species, although the frequency of these organisms varies greatly according to geographic region. Infections with C.

Azole resistance in Candida auris: mechanisms and combinatorial therapy.

Multidrug resistance Candida auris is a dangerous fungal pathogen that is emerging at an alarming rate and posing serious threats to public health. C. auris is associated with nosocomial infections that cause invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised patients.

Emerging Role of Sphingolipids in Amphotericin B Drug Resistance.

Invasive fungal infections in humans are common in people with compromised immune systems and are difficult to treat, resulting in high mortality. Amphotericin B (AmB) is one of the main antifungal drugs available to treat these infections. AmB binds with plasma membrane ergosterol, causing leakage of cellular ions and promoting cell death.

Silencing of a mannitol transport gene in by the tobacco rattle virus system reduces the parasite germination on the host root.

Root parasitic weed is an obligate plant parasite that causes severe damage to host crops. Agriculture crops mainly belong to the Brassicaceae, Leguminosae, Cruciferae, and Solanaceae plant families affected by this parasitic weed, leading to the devastating loss of crop yield and economic growth. This root-specific parasitic plant is not able to complete its life cycle without a suitable host and is dependent on the host plant for nutrient uptake and germination.

A critical role of farnesol in the modulation of Amphotericin B and Aureobasidin A antifungal drug susceptibility.

and its related species can cause opportunistic infections such as "candidiasis" in immunocompromised individuals with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Several antifungal drugs available in the market are often used to treat infections caused by pathogenic fungi. However, in fungi, the development of resistance against these drugs quickly evolved.

Using biotechnological approaches to develop crop resistance to root parasitic weeds.

New transgenic and biotechnological approaches may serve as a key component in achieving crop resistance to root parasitic weeds. Root parasitic weeds inflict severe damage to numerous crops, reducing yield quantity and quality. A lack of new sources of resistance limits our ability to manage newly developing, more virulent races.

Targeted mutagenesis of two homologous ATP-binding cassette subfamily G (ABCG) genes in tomato confers resistance to parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca.

Phelipanche aegyptiaca and Orobanche spp. are obligate plant root-parasitic weeds that cause extensive damage in agricultural crop plants. Their germination requires exposure to strigolactones (SLs) exuded by the host plant roots.

CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutagenesis of MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 1 in tomato confers resistance to root parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca.

Root parasitic weeds infect numerous economically important crops, affecting total yield quantity and quality. A lack of an efficient control method limits our ability to manage newly developing and more virulent races of root parasitic weeds. To control the parasite induced damage in most host crops, an innovative biotechnological approach is urgently required.

Characterization of an endophytic bacterium (), originating from tomato ( L.), and its ability to inhabit the parasitic weed .

is an obligate holo-parasitic weedlacking a functional photosynthetic system, which subsists on roots of a wide range of host crops, causing severe losses in yield quality and quantity. The parasite and its host are connected through their vascular system, forming a unique ecological system that enables the exchange of various substances. In a previous study, it was suggested that endophytic bacteria, which naturally inhabit the internal tissues of plants, can also be transmitted from the parasitic weed to its host and .

Alternative Functional Paralogs in .

Cohesin, the sister chromatid cohesion complex, is an essential complex that ensures faithful sister chromatid segregation in eukaryotes. It also participates in DNA repair, transcription and maintenance of chromosome structure. Mitotic cohesin is composed of Smc1, Smc3, Scc3, and Rad21/Mcd1.