Author Correction: Molecular Mechanism of Switching of TrkA/p75 Signaling in Monocrotophos Induced Neurotoxicity.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Molecular and Cellular Response of Co-cultured Cells toward Cobalt Chloride (CoCl)-Induced Hypoxia.

Cobalt chloride (CoCl) is a well-known hypoxia mimetic mediator that induces hypoxia-like responses. CoCl, a mediator confirmed to alleviate hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), has been associated with a variety of hypoxic responses. HIF-1 is the foremost transcriptionfactor that is particularly activated during hypoxia and regulates various genes.

Nitrogen donor ligand for capping ZnS quantum dots: a quantum chemical and toxicological insight.

Nanoparticles having strong optical and electronic properties are the most widely used materials in sensor development. Since the target analyte interacts directly with the surface of the material, the choice of ligand for functionalizing the surface of the material is the key for its further applications. The functionalized surface of the material makes it suitable for required applications as it controls the size of the particle during its growth from the solution phase.

Correction to: Differentiating neurons derived fromhuman umbilical cord blood stem cells work as a test system for developmental neurotoxicity.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The acknowledgment published was incomplete.

Rapamycin Confers Neuroprotection Against Aging-Induced Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neurodegeneration in Old Rats Through Activation of Autophagy.

Brain aging is an intricate and natural phenomenon exclusively characterized by oxidative stress, accumulation of oxidatively damaged macromolecules, and alterations in structure and function of neurons that further increase the risk factor for most of the neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, age-dependent defective autophagy has also been implicated to favor the pathogenesis and prevalence of the neurological diseases. Therefore, the development of strategies that delay aging and the concomitant neurological disorders remain elusive.

Neuroprotection Through Rapamycin-Induced Activation of Autophagy and PI3K/Akt1/mTOR/CREB Signaling Against Amyloid-β-Induced Oxidative Stress, Synaptic/Neurotransmission Dysfunction, and Neurodegeneration in Adult Rats.

Autophagy is a catabolic process involved in the continuous removal of toxic protein aggregates and cellular organelles to maintain the homeostasis and functional integrity of cells. The mechanistic understanding of autophagy mediated neuroprotection during the development of neurodegenerative disorders remains elusive. Here, we investigated the potential role of rapamycin-induced activation of autophagy and PI3K/Akt1/mTOR/CREB pathway(s) in the neuroprotection of amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42)-insulted hippocampal neurons in rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) like phenotypes.

Erratum to: Dry aging of beef; Review.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s40781-016-0101-9.].

Monocrotophos Induces the Expression of Xenobiotic Metabolizing Cytochrome P450s (CYP2C8 and CYP3A4) and Neurotoxicity in Human Brain Cells.

Expression of various cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in mammalian brain cells is well documented. However, such studies are hampered in neural/glial cells of human origin due to nonavailability of human brain cells. To address this issue, we investigated the expression and inducibility of CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 and their responsiveness against cyclophosphamide (CPA) and organophosphorus pesticide monocrotophos (MCP), a known developmental neurotoxicant in human neural (SH-SY5Y) and glial (U373-MG) cell lines.

Dry aging of beef; Review.

The present review has mainly focused on the specific parameters including aging (aging days, temperature, relative humidity, and air flow), eating quality (flavor, tenderness and juiciness), microbiological quality and economic (shrinkage, retail yields and cost) involved beef dry aging process. Dry aging is the process where beef carcasses or primal cuts are hanged and aged for 28 to 55 d under controlling environment conditions in a refrigerated room with 0° to 4 °C and with relative humidity of 75 to 80 %. However there are various opinions on dry aging procedures and purveyors of such products are passionate about their programs.

Molecular Mechanism of Switching of TrkA/p75(NTR) Signaling in Monocrotophos Induced Neurotoxicity.

We demonstrate the role of molecular switching of TrkA/p75(NTR) signaling cascade in organophosphate pesticide-Monocrotophos (MCP) induced neurotoxicity in stem cell derived cholinergic neurons and in rat brain. Our in-silico studies reveal that MCP followed the similar pattern of binding as staurosporine and AG-879 (known inhibitors of TrkA) with TrkA protein (PDB ID: 4AOJ) at the ATP binding sites. This binding of MCP to TrkA led to the conformational change in this protein and triggers the cell death cascades.

Nucleation temperature-controlled synthesis and in vitro toxicity evaluation of L-cysteine-capped Mn:ZnS quantum dots for intracellular imaging.

Quantum dots (QDs), one of the fastest developing and most exciting fluorescent materials, have attracted increasing interest in bioimaging and biomedical applications. The long-term stability and emission in the visible region of QDs have proved their applicability as a significant fluorophore in cell labelling. In this study, an attempt has been made to explore the efficacy of L-cysteine as a capping agent for Mn-doped ZnS QD for intracellular imaging.

In silico assay development for screening of tetracyclic triterpenoids as anticancer agents against human breast cancer cell line MCF7.

Experimental activity of a compound on cancer cell line/target is mostly analyzed in the form of percentage inhibition at different concentration gradient and time of incubation. In this study a statistical model has been developed referred as in silico assay using support vector regression model, which can act with change in concentration gradient and time of incubation. This model is a function of concentration gradient, treatment hour and independent components; which calculate the percentage inhibition in combination of above three components.

Cypermethrin induces astrocyte damage: role of aberrant Ca(2+), ROS, JNK, P38, matrix metalloproteinase 2 and migration related reelin protein.

Cypermethrin is a synthetic type II pyrethroid, derived from a natural pyrethrin of the chrysanthemum plant. Cypermethrin-mediated neurotoxicity is well studied; however, relatively less is known of its effect on astrocyte development and migration. Astrocytes are the major components of blood brain barrier (BBB), and astrocyte damage along with BBB dysfunction impair the tight junction (TJ) proteins resulting in altered cell migration and neurodegeneration.

Differentiating neurons derived from human umbilical cord blood stem cells work as a test system for developmental neurotoxicity.

Differentiating neuronal cells derived from human umbilical cord blood stem cells have been used as an in vitro tool for the assessment of developmental neurotoxicity of monocrotophos (MCP), an organophosphate pesticide. The differentiating cells were exposed to MCP during the different stages of maturation, viz., days 2, 4, and 8, and changes in the makers of cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, neuronal injuries, and receptors were studied.

Monocrotophos induces the expression and activity of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in pre-sensitized cultured human brain cells.

The expression and metabolic profile of cytochrome P450s (CYPs) is largely missing in human brain due to non-availability of brain tissue. We attempted to address the issue by using human brain neuronal (SH-SY5Y) and glial (U373-MG) cells. The expression and activity of CYP1A1, 2B6 and 2E1 were carried out in the cells exposed to CYP inducers viz.

Differences in the expression and sensitivity of cultured rat brain neuronal and glial cells toward the monocrotophos.

Inducible expressions cytochrome P450s (CYPs) against environmental chemicals in brain tissues of experimental animals is well-documented. However, the precise role of specific brain cell type in the metabolism of different class of xenobiotics has not been explored adequately. We study the expression of selected CYPs (1A1/1A2, 2B1/2B2, 2E1) in primary cultures of rat brain neuronal and glial cell exposed to an organophosphate pesticide-monocrotophos (MCP), a known neurotoxicant.

3-methylcholanthrene induces neurotoxicity in developing neurons derived from human CD34+Thy1+ stem cells by activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor.

Developing neurons, derived from the human umbilical cord blood stem cells (hUCBSCs), were investigated for their stage-specific responses against 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), a well-known polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Three-dimensional (3D) molecular docking demonstrates the strong hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions of MC with amino acids of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) within 4 Å and subsequent inhibition of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Protein-protein docking also confirms that induced levels of AHR inhibit the neurogenesis-related transcription factor (CREB) with maximum docking scores.

Trans-resveratrol restores the damages induced by organophosphate pesticide-monocrotophos in neuronal cells.

The restorative potential of trans-resveratrol (RV) was investigated in a rat neuronal cell line (PC12) exposed to organophosphate pesticide-monocrotophos (MCP). RV shows significant protection against MCP-induced alterations in PC12 cells by restoration of oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and cytotoxicity. RV treatment significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation, and also restored glutathione levels and mitochondrial membrane potential, in cells receiving MCP.

Expression and inducibility of cytochrome P450s (CYP1A1, 2B6, 2E1, 3A4) in human cord blood CD34(+) stem cell-derived differentiating neuronal cells.

The status of xenobiotic metabolism in developing human brain cells is not known. The reason is nonavailability of developing human fetal brain. We investigate the applicability of the plasticity potential of human umbilical cord blood stem cells for the purpose.

Monocrotophos induced apoptosis in PC12 cells: role of xenobiotic metabolizing cytochrome P450s.

Monocrotophos (MCP) is a widely used organophosphate (OP) pesticide. We studied apoptotic changes and their correlation with expression of selected cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in PC12 cells exposed to MCP. A significant induction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels were observed in cells exposed to MCP.