[Drinks other than water for the prevention and metaphylaxis of urolithiasis].

Low hydration is a leading risk factor for the formation of any type of urinary stones. The most common recommendation for prevention of urolithiasis is to increase the fluid intake as a way to increase daily diuresis and prevent supersaturation of urine with stone-forming substances. The fluid is consumed not only with drinking and mineral water, but also with other beverages, including citrus and various fruit juices, coffee, tea, wine and beer, which contain not only a liquid, but also a chemicals, nutrients and microelements that can affect its composition and play a significant role in changing the risk of stone formation.

[What water is recommended for the primary and secondary prevention of urolithiasis?].

The literature review dedicated to a problem of using various types of water for the primary and secondary prevention of urolithiasis is presented. According to the one of the oldest hypotheses, water with different characteristics may contribute to urinary stone formation. The role of hard or soft water in the development of kidney stones is still controversial.

[Are Optimal modes of laser lithotripsy optimal?].

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the recommended modes of laser lithotripsy in clinical practice by analyzing the necessity of changing laser radiation parameters during percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL), ureterolithotripsy (URS) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS).

Materials And Methods: a prospective non-randomized clinical study was conducted from October 2023 to December 2023. Patients who underwent surgical procedures for urinary stones using a Thulium fiber laser at the Clinic of Urology of Sechenov University were included.

[BCG-therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: overview of the current trends].

Introduction: Recurrence of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) occurs in 70% of cases, and the risk of progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer is 20%. Intravesical BCG therapy is indicated in order to increase relapse-free survival in patients with intermediate and high-risk NMIBC. We carried out a survey of Russian urologists on the use of intravesical BCG therapy in the treatment of NMIBC, and also presented the regulatory framework for the use of BCG for the treatment of bladder cancer.

[Features of the mineral composition of urinary stones depending on the region of residence, gender and age in the Russian Federation, Belarus and Kazakhstan].

Introduction: Urolithiasis (UCD) is the most common and most expensive urological disease in all regions of the planet. The study of the prevalence of types of urinary stones in different areas of the country and the world plays an important role in predicting the burden on the health care system as a whole and the urological community, including in terms of calculating the probability of recurrence of the disease, even against the background of effective metaphylactic therapy.

Purpose: in connection with the above, we made an attempt to assess the prevalence of various types of urinary stones in various regions of the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan and the dynamics of changes in the composition of urinary stones depending on age and gender.

[Ejaculatory disorders after surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia].

Introduction: Ejaculation disorders occur in 62-75% of patients after surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Despite the development and widespread introduction into clinical practice of laser procedures, which have reduced the overall incidence of complications, the frequency of ejaculatory disorders is still high. This complication negatively affects the quality of life of patients.

Cancer-Retina Antigens in the Urine of Bladder and Prostate Cancer Patients.

It has recently been shown that combination of arrestin and recoverin can serve as an effective urinary biomarker for renal cell carcinoma with sensitivity and specificity of over 92%. In this work, we studied the possibility of detecting these antigens in the urine in other urological oncological diseases - bladder cancer (BC) and prostate cancer (PCa). Urine samples from 40 BC patients and 40 PCa patients were analyzed using an ultrasensitive microarray immunoassay with a detection limit of 0.

Non-Invasive Diagnostics of Renal Cell Carcinoma Using Ultrasensitive Immunodetection of Cancer-Retina Antigens.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common urological malignancy with a high mortality and low detection rate. One of the approaches to improving its diagnostics may be the search for new non-invasive biomarkers in liquid biopsy and development of more sensitive methods for their detection. Cancer-retina antigens, which are known to be aberrantly expressed in malignant tumors, are present in liquid biopsy at extremely low concentrations.

Proteolyzed Variant of IgG with Free C-Terminal Lysine as a Biomarker of Prostate Cancer.

The differential diagnosis of prostate cancer is problematic due to the lack of markers with high diagnostic accuracy. We previously demonstrated the increased binding of IgG to human plasminogen (PLG) in plasma of patients with prostate cancer (PC) compared to healthy controls. Heavy and light chains of PLG (PLG-H and PLG-L) were immobilized on 96-well plates and the binding of IgG to PLG-H and PLG-L was analyzed in serum from 30 prostate cancer (PC) patients, 30 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 30 healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Long Non-Coding Expression Correlates with Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasis and Aggressiveness.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can be specifically expressed in different tissues and cancers. By controlling the gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels, lncRNAs have been reported to be involved in tumor growth and metastasis. Recent data demonstrated that multiple lncRNAs have a crucial role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression-the most common malignant urogenital tumor.

Can new immunoassay techniques improve bladder cancer diagnostics With protein biomarkers?

The search for new diagnostic tests for cancer or ways to improve existing tests is primarily driven by the desire to identify the disease as early as possible. In this report, we summarize the current knowledge of the most promising diagnostic protein bladder cancer (BC) markers reported over the last decade. Unfortunately, analysis of published data suggests that a reliable, highly sensitive biomarker test-system based on ELISA for detecting BC has not yet been developed.

Multiple Chromoanasynthesis in a Rare Case of Sporadic Renal Leiomyosarcoma: A Case Report.

We present the genetic profile of kidney giant leiomyosarcoma characterized by sequencing of 409 cancer related genes and chromosomal microarray analysis. Renal leiomyosarcomas are extremely rare neoplasms with aggressive behavior and poor survival prognosis. Most frequent somatic events in leiomyosarcomas are mutations in the TP53, RB1, ATRX, and PTEN genes, chromosomal instability (CIN) and chromoanagenesis.

Frontiers in urethra regeneration: current state and future perspective.

Despite the positive achievements attained, the treatment of male urethral strictures and hypospadiases still remains a challenge, particularly in cases of severe urethral defects. Complications and the need for additional interventions in such cases are common. Also, shortage of autologous tissue for graft harvesting and significant morbidity in the location of harvesting present problems and often lead to staged treatment.

[Aberrant expression of arrestin-1 and recoverin in kidney tumors].

Introduction: Early diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is extremely difficult, due to the late development of clinical manifestations. The study of the aberrant expression of tumor-associated antigens and a production of autoantibodies to these proteins seems promising and novel method for RCC diagnosis.

Aim: To evaluate the possibility of using arrestin-1 (Arr-1), recoverin (Rec) and autoantibodies against arrestin-1 (AAA1) and recoverin (AAR) as a kidney tumor biomarker.

Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetic Patients.

Introduction: The cause of erectile dysfunction (ED) in diabetic patients is complex and involves both neurogenic and vasculogenic components and is often hard to treat.

Aim: To study the effect of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) therapy on a subgroup of diabetic patients with ED who are responders (PDE5I-R) and non-responders (PDE5I-NR) to phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5I).

Methods: Analysis of pooled data from 5 double-blind, sham-controlled trials was performed.

The Role of Cysteine Cathepsins in Cancer Progression and Drug Resistance.

Cysteine cathepsins are lysosomal enzymes belonging to the papain family. Their expression is misregulated in a wide variety of tumors, and ample data prove their involvement in cancer progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and in the occurrence of drug resistance. However, while their overexpression is usually associated with highly aggressive tumor phenotypes, their mechanistic role in cancer progression is still to be determined to develop new therapeutic strategies.

[Current opportunities for symptomatic treatment of dysuria].

Dysuria is the one of the most common conditions in urology. Although dysuria is not an independent disease, it accompanies a wide range of urological diseases of both infectious and non-infectious origin. Dysuria is traditionally understood as a feeling of discomfort, a burning sensation, or a sensation of pain during urination.

Holter Monitoring (24-Hour ECG) Parameter Dynamics in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Introduction: This study examined the dynamics of 24-h electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring parameters (Holter monitoring) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) before and after conservative or surgical treatment of patients with voiding and storage lower urinary tract symptoms (LTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods: A total of eighty-three 57 to 81-year-old (mean age 70.4 ± 5.

Preclinical comparison of superpulse thulium fiber laser and a holmium:YAG laser for lithotripsy.

Purpose: A superpulse (500 W peak power) thulium fiber laser operating at a 1940 nm wavelength, suitable for lithotripsy, has recently been developed. The goal of this study was to compare stone fragmentation and dusting performance of the prototype superpulse thulium fiber laser with leading commercially available, high-power holmium:YAG lithotripters (wavelength 2100 nm) in a controlled in vitro environment.

Methods: Two experimental setups were designed for investigating stone ablation rates and retropulsion effects, respectively.

Efficacy and safety of Afalaza in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia at risk of progression: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: In order to investigate the efficacy and safety of Afalaza in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) at risk of progression, this multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was performed. Derived by technological treatment of antibodies to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOs), Afalaza was previously proved to modulate its molecular targets. The mechanism of action of the drug is associated with the modulating effect of the antibiodies (RA-Abs) on the molecular targets (PSA and eNOS) by way of conformational changes.

[Current trends in bladder cancer diagnosis].

In the Russian Federation, a proportion of bladder cancer in the overall structure of malignant tumors is about 2.8% and among oncological diseases of genitourinary system its incidence is second only to prostate cancer. Bladder cancer ranks as ninth most prevalent in males and as eighteens in females.

[Laser in laparoscopic urology].

Nowadays, various laparoscopic instruments for tissue dissection and vessel coagulation are available. However, there are ongoing studies dedicated to "ideal" type of energy suitable for this aim. Laser radiation has been used for many years in medical practice and it is established as reliable and effective method in surgical armamentarium.

[Experimental verification of thulium lithotripsy].

Aim: Experimental evaluation of the efficacy and safety of lithotripsy using a new pulsed thulium fiber laser operating at a wavelength of 1.94 microns, peak power of 500 watts (maximum average power of 50 watts) by comparing it with a holmium laser operating at a wavelength of 2.1 microns (average maximum power 100 W and 120 W).