Incubating frozen-thawed buffalo sperm with olive fruit extracts counteracts thawing-induced oxidative stress and improves semen quality.

Freezing-thawing procedures and semen manipulation for in vitro fertilization induce oxidative stress, which in turn leads to impaired sperm quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether incubation of frozen-thawed buffalo semen with olive fruit extracts (OFE), known to contain a high concentration of phenolic antioxidants, would improve semen quality by reducing oxidative stress. Frozen sperm (4 ejaculates/4 bulls/3 replicates) were thawed and diluted to 30 × 10/mL in IVF medium with 0, 72, 143, and 214 μL/mL of OFE, corresponding to 0 (D0-control), 50 (D50), 100 (D100), and 150 (D150) μM hydroxytyrosol.

Field isolates of Beauveria bassiana exhibit biological heterogeneity in multitrophic interactions of agricultural importance.

Beauveria bassiana (Bb) is a widespread entomopathogenic fungus widely used in agriculture for crop protection. Other than pest control, fungi belonging to the B. bassiana complex represent an important microbial resource in agroecosystems, considering their multiple interactions with other microorganisms as antagonists of phytopathogens, or with plants as endophytic colonizers and growth promoters.

Design of Carboxymethylcellulose/Poloxamer-Based Bioformulation Embedding for Agricultural Applications.

Microbial biological control agents are believed to be a potential alternative to classical fertilizers to increase the sustainability of agriculture. In this work, the formulation of T22 (T22) spores with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) solutions was investigated. Rheological and microscopical analysis were performed on T22-based systems at three different CMC/PF-127 concentrations, showing that polymer aggregates tend to surround T22 spores, without viscosity, and the viscoelastic properties of the formulations were affected.

Fungal metabolite 6-pentyl-α-pyrone reduces canine coronavirus infection.

Canine coronavirus (CCoV) can produce a self-limited enteric disease in dogs but, because of notable biological plasticity of coronaviruses (CoVs), numerous mutations as well as recombination events happen leading to the emergence of variants often more dangerous for both animals and humans. Indeed, the emergence of new canine-feline recombinant alphacoronaviruses, recently isolated from humans, highlight the cross-species transmission potential of CoVs. Consequently, new effective antiviral agents are required to treat CoV infections.

Metabolites from a collected in Madagascar.

was isolated from a dead trunk of (Arecaceae) in a lowland moist forest in Antsohihy, Madagascar, and the species was confirmed by molecular analysis and morphological observations. The main bioactive metabolites of the mycelium extracts were identified by mass spectrometry techniques. Five structural diverse metabolites, tryptophol, pyroglutamic acid, prolyldiketopiperazine B, sporol and RKS-1778, were characterised by LC-MS qTOF analysis of the hydro-alcoholic extract.

Chemopreventive effect of a milk whey by-product derived from Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in protecting from colorectal carcinogenesis.

Background: Several studies show that natural foods are a source of compounds with anticancer properties that affect the gut microbiota and its metabolites. In the present study, we investigate the effect of a delactosed buffalo milk whey by-product (DMW) on colorectal carcinogenesis.

Methods: The effect of DMW on colorectal carcinoma (CRC) was investigated in the established mouse model of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinoma, which closely resembles the human clinical condition of CRC.

Interactions between plant-beneficial microorganisms in a consortium: Streptomyces microflavus and Trichoderma harzianum.

The construction of microbial consortia is challenging due to many variables to be controlled, including the cross-compatibility of the selected strains and their additive or synergistic effects on plants. In this work, we investigated the interactions in vitro, in planta, and at the molecular level of two elite biological control agents (BCAs), that is Streptomyces microflavus strain AtB-42 and Trichoderma harzianum strain M10, to understand their attitude to cooperate in a consortium. In vitro, we observed a strong cross-antagonism between AtB-42 and M10 in agar plates due to diffusible metabolites and volatile organic compounds.

Repression of autocrine pheromone signaling leads to fusaric acid over-production.

Fusaric acid (FA), a picolinic acid derivative, is a natural substance produced by a wide variety of fungal plant pathogens belonging to the genus. As a metabolite, fusaric acid exerts several biological activities including metal chelation, electrolyte leakage, repression of ATP synthesis, and direct toxicity on plants, animals and bacteria. Prior studies on the structure of fusaric acid revealed a co-crystal dimeric adduct between FA and 9,10-dehydrofusaric acid.

Harzianic Acid Activity against and Its Role in Calcium Regulation.

is a Gram-positive bacterium, which can be found, as a commensal microorganism, on the skin surface or in the nasal mucosa of the human population. However, may become pathogenic and cause severe infections, especially in hospitalized patients. As an opportunistic pathogen, in fact, interferes with the host Ca signaling, favoring the spread of the infection and tissue destruction.

Buffalo milk and rumen fluid metabolome are significantly affected by green feed.

The use of green feed for livestock breeding is an important strategy to encounter both the increasing demand for animal derived products and the perceptions of the consumers regarding animal welfare and sustainability. The aim of this study was to compare different feeding strategies in lactating water buffaloes by using a metabolomic approach. The study was carried out on 32 milking buffaloes that were randomly divided into two groups for a total period of 90 days (3 sampling times).

Biological activities of aqueous leaf extract.

Content: Plant-based natural products have served as sources of remedies against pathogenic microorganisms. Although the biological activities of (Santalaceae) species are widely recognized, there is no scientific evidence for A. Rich.

A model for microbial interactions and metabolomic alterations in Candida glabrata-Staphylococcus epidermidis dual-species biofilms.

The fungus Candida glabrata and the bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis are important biofilm-forming microorganisms responsible of nosocomial infections in patients. In addition to causing single-species disease, these microorganisms are also involved in polymicrobial infections leading to an increased antimicrobial resistance. To expand knowledge about polymicrobial biofilms, in this study we investigate the formation of single- and dual-species biofilms of these two opportunistic pathogens employing several complementary approaches.

The Suppressive Effects of Biochar on Above- and Belowground Plant Pathogens and Pests: A Review.

Soilborne pathogens and pests in agroecosystems are serious problems that limit crop yields. In line with the development of more ecologically sustainable agriculture, the possibility of using biochar to control pests has been increasingly investigated in recent years. This work provides a general overview of disease and pest suppression using biochar.

Synergistic Effects of , 1,3 Dichloropropene and Organic Matter in Controlling the Root-Knot Nematode on Tomato.

Environmental concerns raised by synthetic nematicides are encouraging integrated management strategies based on their combination with non-chemical control tools, such as biocontrol agents and/or organic amendments. In this study, the combination of the fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) with a commercial formulation of the biocontrol agent (TH) and an organic fertilizer (OF) was investigated in two consecutive tomato crops for its effect on the root-knot nematode and plant growth and yield. The application of 1,3-D was only performed on the first crop, while TH and OF were provided to both crops.

Interaction of the Fungal Metabolite Harzianic Acid with Rare-Earth Cations (Pr, Eu, Ho, Tm).

Rare-earth elements (REEs) are in all respect a class of new contaminants that may have toxic effects on organisms and microorganisms and information on their interactions with natural ligands should be of value to predict and control their diffusion in natural environments. In the current study, we investigate interactions of tripositive cations of praseodymium, europium, holmium, and thulium with harzianic acid (HL), a secondary metabolite produced by selected strains of fungi belonging to the genus. We applied the same techniques and workflow previously employed in an analogous study concerning lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, and gadolinium tripositive cations.

Biological and phytochemical characterization of (Loranthaceae) from Ethiopia.

is a hemi-parasitic shrub. It is known for treating various health ailments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, toxicity, and chemical characterization of the leaf extracts of collected from the host plant in Ethiopia.

Buffalo Milk Whey Activates Necroptosis and Apoptosis in a Xenograft Model of Colorectal Cancer.

Recent pharmacological research on milk whey, a byproduct of the dairy industry, has identified several therapeutic properties that could be exploited in modern medicine. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of whey from Mediterranean buffalo () milk. The antitumour effect of delactosed milk whey (DMW) was evaluated using the HCT116 xenograft mouse model of colorectal cancer (CRC).

The SWC4 subunit of the SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex is involved in varying virulence of isolates offering role of epigenetic regulation of pathogenicity.

The host - pathogen interaction is a multifactorial process subject to a co-evolutionary arms race consisting of rapid changes in both host and pathogen, controlled at the genetic and epigenetic levels. Previously, we showed intra-species variation in disease progression and pathogenicity in aphids for isolates MbK and Mb7. Herein, we compared genomic, epigenetic, and metabolomic variations between these isolates and their effects on pathogenicity.

Enzymes for Degradation of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A.

The contamination of agricultural products with mycotoxins causes risks to animal and human health and severe economic losses. Mycotoxicoses can be reduced by preventing fungal infection using chemical and biological approaches. The chemical strategies can release toxic molecules; therefore, strategies for biological control are being evaluated, such as using nontoxic fungi and their metabolites.

Interaction of the Fungal Metabolite Harzianic Acid with Rare-Earth Cations (La, Nd, Sm, Gd).

Rare-earth elements are emerging contaminants of soil and water bodies which destiny in the environment and effects on organisms is modulated by their interactions with natural ligands produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. Within this framework, coordination by harzianic acid (HL), a secondary metabolite, of a selection of tripositive rare-earth cations Ln (Ln = La, Nd, Sm and Gd) was investigated at 25 °C, and in a CHOH/0.1 M NaClO (50/50 ) solvent, using mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and pH measurements.

Metabolic Profile and Mycoherbicidal Activity of Three Isolates for the Control of , , and .

isolates C1, S1, and X3 were isolated respectively from the weeds , , and in Algiers during 2016 and identified by morphological and molecular analyses. The aim of this investigation was to chemically characterize the exometabolome of these fungi and to evaluate the myco-herbicidal potential of their culture filtrates, crude extracts, or fractions towards target weeds. Results revealed a great heterogeneity in the biochemical profiles of the exometabolome with the remarkable presence of two compounds: tenuazonic acid (TeA) and triprenyl phenol-7 (SMTP-7).