Individual variation in the functional lateralization of human ventral temporal cortex: Local competition and long-range coupling.

The ventral temporal cortex (VTC) of the human cerebrum is critically engaged in high-level vision. One intriguing aspect of this region is its functional lateralization, with neural responses to words being stronger in the left hemisphere, and neural responses to faces being stronger in the right hemisphere; such patterns can be summarized with a signed laterality index (LI), positive for leftward laterality. Converging evidence has suggested that word laterality emerges to couple efficiently with left-lateralized frontotemporal language regions, but evidence is more mixed regarding the sources of the right-lateralization for face perception.

A Computational Account of the Development and Evolution of Psychotic Symptoms.

The mechanisms of psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions are often investigated in fully formed illness, well after symptoms emerge. These investigations have yielded key insights but are not well positioned to reveal the dynamic forces underlying symptom formation itself. Understanding symptom development over time would allow us to identify steps in the pathophysiological process leading to psychosis, shifting the focus of psychiatric intervention from symptom alleviation to prevention.

A computational account of the development and evolution of psychotic symptoms.

The mechanisms of psychotic symptoms like hallucinations and delusions are often investigated in fully-formed illness, well after symptoms emerge. These investigations have yielded key insights, but are not well-positioned to reveal the dynamic forces underlying symptom formation itself. Understanding symptom development over time would allow us to identify steps in the pathophysiological process leading to psychosis, shifting the focus of psychiatric intervention from symptom alleviation to prevention.

Visual word processing engages a hierarchical, distributed, and bilateral cortical network.

Although the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) in left temporal cortex is considered the pre-eminent region in visual word processing, other regions are also implicated. We examined the entire text-selective circuit, using functional MRI. Ten regions of interest (ROIs) per hemisphere were defined, which, based on clustering, grouped into early vision, high-level vision, and language clusters.

Marijuana toxicosis in 2 donkeys.

Marijuana toxicosis is typically seen by companion animal veterinarians. However, with increased marijuana availability, there is a greater potential for toxicosis in other species. Herein we describe a case of suspected marijuana toxicosis in a female and a male American Mammoth donkey, aged 8 y and 20 y, respectively, fed cannabis buds.

Enteric coronavirus infection in adult horses.

A new enteric virus of adult horses, equine coronavirus (ECoV), has recently been recognized. It is associated with fever, lethargy, anorexia, and less frequently, colic and diarrhea. This enteric virus is transmitted via the feco-oral route and horses become infected by ingesting fecally contaminated feed and water.

Equine coronavirus: An emerging enteric virus of adult horses.

Equine coronavirus (ECoV) is an emerging virus associated clinically and epidemiologically with fever, depression, anorexia and less frequently colic and diarrhoea in adult horses. Sporadic cases and outbreaks have been reported with increased frequency since 2010 from Japan, the USA and more recently from Europe. A faeco-oral transmission route is suspected and clinical or asymptomatic infected horses appear to be responsible for direct and indirect transmission of ECoV.

Radiographic scoring lacks predictive value in inflammatory airway disease.

Reasons For Performing Study: Diagnosis of inflammatory airway disease (IAD) currently rests upon the results of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology, lung function testing and histamine bronchoprovocation (HBP), none of which provides direct information about structural change in the lung.

Hypothesis: That thoracic radiography might better portray structural change in the lungs and therefore offer a good clinical assessment of IAD.

Methods: A radiographic scoring system was developed to assess the extent of bronchial and interstitial pattern on thoracic radiographs in the dorsocaudal, dorsocranial and caudoventral regions in 16 control horses and 33 horses with IAD.

Bronchoscopic volume reduction: a safe and effective alternative to surgical therapy for emphysema.

Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS), the removal of damaged, hyperexpanded lung, has been shown to improve respiratory function in many patients with end-stage emphysema. We report the results of an animal study using a new transbronchoscopic alternative to LVRS in which a washout solution and fibrin-based glue are used to collapse, seal, and scar target regions of abnormal lung. Twelve sheep had static and dynamic lung functions measured at baseline.