Balance performance, falls-efficacy and social participation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without vestibular dysfunction.

Background: The performance of balance is an important factor to perform activities. The complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially vestibular dysfunction (VD), could decrease balance performance and falls-efficacy (FE) which consequently impacts social participation and quality of life (QoL).

Purpose: This study aimed to compare balance performance, FE, social participation and QoL between individuals with T2DM with and without VD.

Non-linear dose response effect of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation on muscle strength in young healthy adults: a randomized controlled study.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique that modulates brain excitability in humans. Increasing the stimulation intensity or duration within certain limits could enhance tDCS efficacy with a polarity-dependent effect; anodal stimulation increases cortical excitability, whereas cathodal stimulation decreases excitability. However, recent studies have reported a non-linear effect of cathodal tDCS on neuronal excitability in humans, and there is no conclusive result regarding the effect of cathodal tDCS on muscle performance.

Quantitative gait analysis in mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and cognitively intact individuals: a cross-sectional case-control study.

Background: Cognitive age-related decline is linked to dementia development and gait has been proposed to measure the change in brain function. This study aimed to investigate if spatiotemporal gait variables could be used to differentiate between the three cognitive status groups.

Methods: Ninety-three older adults were screened and classified into three groups; mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 32), dementia (n = 31), and a cognitively intact (n = 30).

Effects of Different Montages of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Haemodynamic Responses and Motor Performance in Acute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown positive results in neurorehabilitation. However, there is limited evidence on its use in acute stroke, and unclear evidence regarding the best tDCS montage (anodal-, cathodal-, or dualtDCS) for stroke recovery. This study investigated the effects of these montages combined with physical therapy on haemodynamic response and motor performance.

Effect of progressive bridging exercise on weight-bearing during the extension phase of sit-to-stand, and on sit-to-stand ability in individuals with stroke: A randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To examine the effect of a progressive bridging exercise on force, time, and pressure during the extension phase of sit-to-stand, and on sit-to-stand ability in individuals with stroke.

Design: A single-blinded randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Hospital.

Effectiveness of Motor Imagery Combined with Structured Progressive Circuit Class Training on Functional Mobility in Post-Stroke Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To compare the effect of motor imagery combined with structured progressive circuit class therapy vs health education combined with structured progressive circuit class therapy on dynamic balance, endurance, and functional mobility in post-stroke individuals.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Methods: A total of 40 post-stroke individuals were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups.

The Adaptation of Participation Scale Short Simplified Questionnaire into Indonesian Language and the Psychometric Properties in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Vestibular Dysfunction.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported to affect the vestibular system resulting in dizziness and vertigo complaints. This complication is known to disable the social participation. The Participation Scale Short Simplified (PSSS) has been developed to quantify the severity of social participation restrictions.

Effects of home-based dual-hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation combined with exercise on upper and lower limb motor performance in patients with chronic stroke.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of home-based dual-hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation (dual-tDCS) combined with exercise on motor performance in patients with chronic stroke.

Materials And Methods: We allocated 24 participants to the active or sham group. They completed 1-h home-based exercise after 20-min dual-tDCS at 2-mA, thrice a week for 4 weeks.

Action observation combined with gait training to improve gait and cognition in elderly with mild cognitive impairment A randomized controlled trial.

Unlabelled: Owing to advancement of medical technology and current knowledge, the population has a longer life expectancy, leading to an increase in the proportion of elderly.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effect of action observation (AO) combined with gait training on gait and cognition in elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: Thirty-three participants were randomly allocated to action observation with gait training (AOGT), gait training (GT), and control (CT) groups.

Fear of Falling, Lower Extremity Strength, and Physical and Balance Performance in Older Adults with Diabetes Mellitus.

Fear of falling (FoF) is known to affect the physical activities and quality of life of older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Many complications of DM, especially ones distressing lower extremity (LE), could lead to increased fall risk and FoF. This study aimed to explore the relationship between FoF, LE muscle strength, and physical performance in older adults without diabetes mellitus (ONDM) and with DM (ODM) with varying degrees of balance impairment.

A randomized controlled trial of motor imagery combined with structured progressive circuit class therapy on gait in stroke survivors.

Structured Progressive Circuit Class Therapy (SPCCT) was developed based on task-oriented therapy, providing benefits to patients' motivation and motor function. Training with Motor Imagery (MI) alone can improve gait performance in stroke survivors, but a greater effect may be observed when combined with SPCCT. Health education (HE) is a basic component of stroke rehabilitation and can reduce depression and emotional distress.

A structural equation model of falls at home in individuals with chronic stroke, based on the international classification of function, disability, and health.

Purpose: To use structural equation model (SEM) to explain falls at home in individuals with chronic stroke, based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).

Materials And Methods: A cross sectional observation study was conducted in home-dwelling individuals with chronic stroke (N = 236; 148 non-fallers, 88 fallers). Participants were assessed; structural impairments using Modified Ashworth Scale, Fugl-Meyer Assessment upper (FMA-UE), lower (FMA-LE), and sensory function, ankle plantarflexor strength; activity limitations using Timed Up and Go Test, Step Test, Berg Balance Scale, Barthel Index (BI); participation restrictions using Stroke Impact Scale-participation (SIS-P); and contextual factors using home hazard environments, home safety surroundings, risk behaviors, and Fall-related Self Efficacy.

Effect of sound on standing postural stability in the elderly with and without knee osteoarthritis.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of sound on standing postural control in the elderly with and without knee osteoarthritis (knee-OA).

Methods: Twenty-six elderly with knee-OA and 26 elderly without knee-OA who matched the age and height participated in this study. The standing postural stability was assessed by the 3D motion analysis system.

Effect of Sensory Impairment on Balance Performance and Lower Limb Muscle Strength in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: To compare balance performance and lower limb muscle strength between older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), with and without sensory impairments and non-DM groups. Influence of a number of sensory impairments, and muscle strength on balance performance were explored.

Methods: Ninety-two older adults with and without type 2 DM, were examined relative to visual function with the Snellen chart, Melbourne Edge test, and Howard-Dolman test, vestibular function with the modified Romberg test, proprioception of the big toe, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument.

Concurrent validity and intratester reliability of the video-based system for measuring gait poststroke.

Background And Purpose: Spatio-temporal parameters are commonly used in gait assessment. Advanced tools provide valid and reliable data, considered very effective for physiotherapy intervention. However, these tools may be limited in clinical usage caused by complicated applicability, inaccessibility, and high cost.

Relationship Between Clinical Measures of Upper Limb Movement Quality and Activity Poststroke.

. Understanding the relationship between movement quality (impairment) and performance (activity) in poststroke patients is important for rehabilitation intervention studies. This has led to an interest in kinematic characterization of upper limb motor impairment.

Predictors of Community Participation Among Individuals With First Stroke: A Thailand Study.

Objective: To describe perceived participation among persons with first stroke and to identify the predictors based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) concept of participation after stroke.

Methods: A total of 121 participants completed 4 questionnaires: the Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA), Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ2000), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and personal history. They were evaluated for their balance, motor function, functional and walking ability.

Effects of physical, virtual reality-based, and brain exercise on physical, cognition, and preference in older persons: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Physical exercise (PE), virtual reality-based exercise (VRE), and brain exercise (BE) can influence physical and cognitive conditions in older persons. However, it is not known which of the three types of exercises provide the best effects on physical and cognitive status, and which exercise is preferred by older persons. This study compared the effects of PE, VRE, and BE on balance, muscle strength, cognition, and fall concern.

Effect of single-session dual-tDCS before physical therapy on lower-limb performance in sub-acute stroke patients: A randomized sham-controlled crossover study.

Anodal stimulation increases cortical excitably, whereas cathodal stimulation decreases cortical excitability. Dual transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS; anodal over the lesioned hemisphere, cathodal over the non-lesioned hemisphere) was found to enhance motor learning. The corresponding tDCS-induced changes were reported to reduce the inhibition exerted by the unaffected hemisphere on the affected hemisphere and restore the normal balance of the interhemispheric inhibition.

A Pilot Study of a 12-Week Leg Exercise and a 6- and 12-Month Follow-Up in Community-Dwelling Diabetic Elders: Effect on Dynamic Standing Balance.

Objective: To determine the effects of 12-week leg exercise and follow-up on fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood pressure, static and dynamic standing balance time, leg muscle strength, and leg exercise behaviors in type 2 diabetic elderly.

Material And Method: Fourfemales, completing 12-week leg exercise group and 6- and 12-monthfollow-up were examined for FBG blood pressure, standing on firm and foam surfaces, single leg stance, Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST), alternated stepping, and leg muscle strength at before leg exercise, week 12 of exercise, and months 6 and 12 follow-up after exercise. Friedman's ANOVA was used to compare these variables among 4 periods.

A comparison of home-based exercise programs with and without self-manual therapy in individuals with knee osteoarthritis in community.

Objective: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the treatment programs of home-based exercise with and without self-manual therapy in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (knee OA) in community.

Material And Method: Forty-three participants with knee OA were randomly assigned in groups. All participants received the same home-based exercise program with or without self-manual therapy over 12 weeks.

Reach-to-grasp co-ordination in the paretic limbs of individuals with stroke: insight from a barrier paradigm.

Objective: Reach and grasp components must be co-ordinated to preserve the optimal reach-to-grasp performance. However conflicting results regarding the deficit in reach-to-grasp co-ordination has been reported in the paretic hand of individuals after stroke. Additionally, investigations have not been undertaken to study more challenging task constraints to induce the impairment of reach-to-grasp co-ordination.

Postural balance, visual verticality perception, and its association in individuals with and without neck pain.

Objective: To compare postural balance and visual verticality perception between neck pain and asymptomatic subjects; to determine its association within groups.

Material And Method: Fourteen neck pain and 14 asymptomatic subjects participated in the study. Subjects stood on a force platform to measure the displacement of the center of pressure in the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions, total path length, and sway velocity.

Factors determining functional ability of individuals with stroke in community.

Objective: The present study was conducted to assess the factors explaining functional ability in community-dwelling individuals with stroke.

Material And Method: In all, 758 persons with acute stroke who lived in the community and joined the home physical therapy program were recruited. The personal characteristics and clinical measures were recorded at the first home visit.

Learning of the bimanual cup-stacking task in individuals with chronic stroke improved with dyad training protocol.

Objective: To compare the effects of dyad and individual training on the learning of bimanual cup-stacking in individuals with chronic stroke.

Material And Method: Twenty participants were divided into dyad and individual groups. The dyad group performed the task in pairs alternating between performing and observing, while the individual group performed individually.