Rapid biomonitoring of fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy drugs and their biometabolites in colorectal cancer patients' blood samples using an in-syringe-based fast drug extraction technique followed by LC-MS/MS analysis.

Patients with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency in peripheral mononuclear cells are at higher risk of severe toxicity due to the improper dose of fluorouracil-based chemotherapy drugs, which has become an essential aspect for consideration in clinical studies. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a first-line and second-line chemotherapy drug in adjuvant, neoadjuvant, or palliative therapy settings to treat solid tumors and cancers. In this work, a novel in-syringe-based fast drug extraction (IS-FaDEx) technique followed by UHPLC-MS/MS detection was developed for rapid biomonitoring of 5-FU and its biometabolites in human blood samples.

Analysis of ortho-phthalates and other plasticizers in select organic and conventional foods in the United States.

Background: ortho-phthalates and other plasticizers impart flexibility to plastics in food production, processing, and packaging; food consumption is a dominant plasticizer exposure pathway. Lower molecular weight ortho-phthalates are being replaced in plastic products due to toxicity concerns, but toxic hazards of and exposures to replacement ortho-phthalates and other plasticizers are poorly understood.

Objective: We measured 12 ortho-phthalates and 9 other plasticizers in conventional and organic U.

Screening of antimicrobials, fragrances, UV stabilizers, plasticizers and preservatives in sewage treatment plants (STPs) and their risk assessment in India.

Community/industrial wastewater is the prime source of anthropogenic chemicals, its treatment is often a daunting task and unaffordable for many countries. Emerging Contaminants (ECs) have been drained into wastewater after continuous use/misuse and Conventional treatments in STPs do not remove them completely. ECs including antimicrobial agents, synthetic musks, Benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BUVSs), plasticizers, and preservatives are frequently reported in environment, and cause health effects to non-target organisms.

Aquatic and human health risk assessment of Humanogenic Emerging Contaminants (HECs), Phthalate Esters from the Indian Rivers.

Phthalate esters (PEs) one of the widely used plasticizers, and are known for their environmental contamination and endocrine disruption. Hence, it is important to study their distribution in a riverine environment. This study was aimed to determine the Spatio-temporal trends of 16 PEs in surface water, sediment and fish from rivers in southern India, and to assess their environmental health risks.

A systematic review on toxicity assessment of persistent emerging pollutants (EPs) and associated microplastics (MPs) in the environment using the Hydra animal model.

Emerging pollutants (EPs) are causative for teratogenic and reproductive effects. EPs are detected in all the environmental matrices at higher levels. A suitable model for aquatic toxicity assessment is Hydra, because of morphological, behavioral, reproductive (sexual and asexual), and biochemical changes.

Widespread occurrence of phthalate and non-phthalate plasticizers in single-use facemasks collected in the United States.

Single-use or disposable facemasks have been widely used by the public for personal protection against the spread of COVID-19. The majority of disposable facemasks are made of synthetic polymers such as polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate (as polyester), and polystyrene, and could therefore be a source of human exposure to plasticizers that are incorporated into these polymers during production. Little is known, however, about the occurrence of plasticizers in facemasks.

A Review of Human Exposure to Microplastics and Insights Into Microplastics as Obesogens.

The ubiquitous exposure of humans to microplastics (MPs) through inhalation of particles in air and ingestion in dust, water, and diet is well established. Humans are estimated to ingest tens of thousands to millions of MP particles annually, or on the order of several milligrams daily. Available information suggests that inhalation of indoor air and ingestion of drinking water bottled in plastic are the major sources of MP exposure.

Investigation of distribution, sources and flux of perfluorinated compounds in major southern Indian rivers and their risk assessment.

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are a group of emerging contaminants still less reported in rivers, particularly southern India. Therefore, we investigated the fate of 13 PFCs in three major rivers in southern India during post-monsoon and summer seasons. Twelve PFCs were detected, with an average total PFCs of 1853 ± 1463 pg/l.

Synthetic musks in surface water and fish from the rivers in India: Seasonal distribution and toxicological risk assessment.

Synthetic musks (SMs), a class of organic compounds added to various personal care products (PCPs) to enhance aroma, are increasingly released into the environment and become one emerging contaminants of concern in India. Some SMs like Galaxolide, Tonalide and Musk Ketone (MK) are lipophilic and found ubiquitously in the environment, posing health and ecological risks, especially affecting aquatic organisms. Hence, monitoring the synthetic musks contamination in these rivers become environmentally inevitable.

Fate of Triclocarban (TCC) in aquatic and terrestrial systems and human exposure.

Triclocarban (TCC) is considered as contaminant of emerging concern (CEC), and ranked in the top 10 CEC occurrence. TCC is a high production volume synthetic chemical used extensively in various personal care products. This chemical will be released into the environment via incomplete wastewater treatment and untreated wastewater discharge.

Occurrence of triclocarban and benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers in water, sediment, and fish from Indian rivers.

Triclocarban and benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are listed as high production volume synthetic chemicals, used extensively in personal care products. Many of these chemicals persist in the aquatic environment as micropollutants. Knowledge on their fate in freshwater ecosystems is still lacking, especially in the Indian Rivers.