Microbial profiling, antimicrobial resistance surveillance, and molecular detection of MecA gene in Staphylococcal strains from donor human milk: Insights from a milk bank investigation.

Purpose: Donor human milk (DHM) from milk banks provides vital nutrition to vulnerable infants. Understanding its microbial profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns is crucial for ensuring its safety and efficacy. This study aimed to profile the microbial composition, detect antibiotic resistance, and identify the presence of mecA gene in Staphylococcal strains from DHM samples.

Evaluating the Role of Objective Structured Clinical Examination as a Summative Assessment Tool in Undergraduate and Postgraduate Psychiatry Residents.

Background: The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is the gold standard and universal format to assess medical students' clinical competence in a comprehensive, reliable, and valid manner. OSCE is gaining global popularity for assessing medical students in various specialties. Our country uses it in multiple disciplines, but its application in psychiatry remains limited.

Surveillance of ventilator associated pneumonia in a network of indian hospitals using modified definitions: a pilot study.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients receiving mechanical ventilation in India. Surveillance of VAP is essential to implement data-based preventive measures. Implementation of ventilator-associated events (VAE) criteria for surveillance has major constraints for low resource settings, which can lead to significant underreporting.

Effectiveness of buzz session teaching and perception among medical students: an academic interventional study.

This interventional study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of buzz session teaching in large groups and assess undergraduate medical students' perceptions of the buzz session teaching method. The study involved 100 first-year medical students divided into two groups, i.e.

Staphylococcus hemolyticus: The Most Common and Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species Causing Bacteremia in North India.

Introduction: Coagulase-negative (CoNS) species are normal skin commensals but may also cause bacteremia. Therefore, isolating a CoNS species on blood culture often leads to a diagnostic dilemma about whether to consider the isolate as a true pathogen or not. This study was done to understand the distribution of various CoNS species in bloodstream infections, determine their antibiotic resistance patterns, and identify possible risk factors and patient outcomes in hospital settings.

Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing and Isolates and Their Antibiotic Resistance Profile in Health Care-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in North India.

 Healthcare-associated urinary tract infections (HAUTIs) caused by gram-negative pathogens have emerged as a global concern. So far, little is known about the epidemiology of extended-spectrum β lactamase (ESBL)-producing and in HAUTIs in India. The study was carried to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and ESBL-producing genes in and strains isolated from HAUTIs in a tertiary institute in North India.

Weissella confusa Causing Vancomycin-Resistant Septicemia Infection in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report From a University Teaching Hospital in North India.

is a Gram-positive coccus usually found in the microbiota of humans and the environment. Different studies quote that it has caused infections in humans under unfavourable conditions. A case report causing septicemiain an 11-year-old male patient diagnosed with acute pancreatitis and having acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is presented.

Outcomes in Oxacillinases β-Lactamases (OXA-48) and New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase (NDM-1)-Producing, Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolates Obtained From Bloodstream Infections.

Background: Carbapenemase-producing (CRKP) has become a menace in several intensive care units, which needs to be controlled immediately after being reported by a laboratory. Detection in the laboratory is usually done using phenotypic methods and it is not known whether knowledge of these genes helps in individual patient management. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of oxacillinases β-lactamases (OXA-48) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1)-producing CRKP isolates, the two most common carbapenemases reported from India, obtained from patients with bloodstream infections in an ICU in a tertiary care center in North India and to compare the different laboratory methods for their detection.

Health-care-associated bloodstream and urinary tract infections in a network of hospitals in India: a multicentre, hospital-based, prospective surveillance study.

Background: Health-care-associated infections (HAIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality globally, including in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Networks of hospitals implementing standardised HAI surveillance can provide valuable data on HAI burden, and identify and monitor HAI prevention gaps. Hospitals in many LMICs use HAI case definitions developed for higher-resourced settings, which require human resources and laboratory and imaging tests that are often not available.

Prevalence of Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika Viruses in Febrile Pregnant Women: An Observational Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India.

Dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) are arboviruses that can affect maternal and fetal outcome if acquired during pregnancy. This study was done to estimate the positivity of DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV in febrile pregnant women attending a tertiary care hospital in north India. Symptomatic pregnant women were tested for these viruses by IgM ELISA and/or by Trioplex real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Molecular characterisation of Hepatitis E virus isolates from north India.

Purpose: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for >50% of acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in developing countries. It has 4 major genotypes and various subtypes which vary in geographical distribution, clinical manifestations and epidemiological patterns. This study was conducted to characterise HEV isolates from north India to study the effect of host and viral factors on HEV infection.

Emergence of blaNDM-1 and blaVIM producing Gram-negative bacilli in ventilator-associated pneumonia at AMR Surveillance Regional Reference Laboratory in India.

Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) may be a life threatening nosocomial infection encountered in intensive care units. Currently the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens has become worrisome threat worldwide.

Material And Methods: Endotracheal aspirates samples were collected from patients who were under mechanical ventilation for > 48 h.

Comparative Genome-Wide Characterization of Microsatellites in Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis Leading to the Development of Species-Specific Marker.

Background: Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSR) are related to genomic structure, function, and certain diseases of taxonomically different organisms.

Objective: To characterize microsatellites in two closely related Candida species by searching and comparing 1-6 bp nucleotide motifs and utilizing them to develop species-specific markers.

Methods: Whole-genome sequence was downloaded from the public domain, microsatellites were mined and analyzed, and primers were synthesized.

Reactivates Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 in Latently Infected Monocytes with Increased Expression of IL-1β and CXCL8.

Background: are gram-negative bacteria, which colonize the human stomach. More than 50% of the world's population is infected by . Based on the high prevalence of , it is very likely that HIV and infection may coexist.

Assessment of core capacities for antimicrobial stewardship practices in indian hospitals: Report from a multicentric initiative of global health security agenda.

Introduction: Antimicrobial-resistant HAI (Healthcare associated infection) are a global challenge due to their impact on patient outcome. Implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes (AMSP) is needed at institutional and national levels. Assessment of core capacities for AMSP is an important starting point to initiate nationwide AMSP.

Brain microstructural changes support cognitive deficits in HIV uninfected children born to HIV infected mothers.

Introduction: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is considered the most effective way to prevent perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, there is little knowledge about the effect of ART on the brain of HIV uninfected children born to HIV infected mothers (HUC). The current study evaluated the brain's microstructural integrity, and cognitive function in HUC compared to healthy children born to normal mothers (CHNM) and HIV infected children born to HIV infected mothers (HIC) to investigate the effect of in-utero exposure of ART on cerebral gray and white matter.

Etiological agents of diarrhea in hospitalized pediatric patients with special emphasis on diarrheagenic in North India.

Introduction: Infectious diarrhea is leading infectious cause of childhood morbidity, hospitalizations, and mortality particularly in children living in developing countries like India. The etiological agents differ depending on geographical area, and recent data suggest increase in drug resistance to various enteropathogens.

Aims And Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate emerging diarrheal agents and antimicrobial resistance profile of bacterial pathogens from children (<12 years of age) hospitalized with acute diarrhea.

Changes in resting-state functional brain activity are associated with waning cognitive functions in HIV-infected children.

Delayed brain development in perinatally HIV-infected children may affect the functional brain activity and subsequently cognitive function. The current study evaluated the functional brain activity in HIV-infected children by quantifying the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and functional connectivity (FC). Additionally, correlation of ALFF and FC with cognitive measures was performed.

Prothrombotic state in HIV: A study on protein C, protein S, homocysteine and correlation with CD4 counts.

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may result in variable haematological manifestations. Thrombotic events are more common among HIV-infected persons than the general population, possibly due to the increased inflammatory/hypercoagulable state and presence of concurrent comorbidities.

Aims And Objectives: (1) Screen for coagulation abnormalities in HIV-infected patients.

Altered structural brain changes and neurocognitive performance in pediatric HIV.

Pediatric HIV patients often suffer with neurodevelopmental delay and subsequently cognitive impairment. While tissue injury in cortical and subcortical regions in the brain of adult HIV patients has been well reported there is sparse knowledge about these changes in perinatally HIV infected pediatric patients. We analyzed cortical thickness, subcortical volume, structural connectivity, and neurocognitive functions in pediatric HIV patients and compared with those of pediatric healthy controls.

Interferon-γ (IFNG) microsatellite repeat and single nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes of IFN-α receptor (IFNAR1) associated with enhanced malaria susceptibility in Indian populations.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines IFNγ and IFNα function through their cellular receptors IFNγR1 and IFNαR1, respectively to mediate immune processes during malaria infection. A total of 21 SNPs, 2 ins/del polymorphisms and a microsatellite repeat, selected on the basis of their reported association with infectious diseases including malaria in world populations, were analysed for association with Plasmodium falciparum malaria susceptibility in a case-control study with adult patients and ethnically-matched controls drawn from a disease meso- to hyperendemic and a nonendemic region of India. Among the five IFNG SNPs tested, an intron 3 and a 3'UTR SNP associated with disease in the endemic region.

Prevalence of gyrA and B gene mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant and -sensitive clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their relationship with MIC of ofloxacin.

The study was done to know the prevalent mutations of gyrA and gyrB genes, and their significance with drug resistance in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A total of 100 ofloxacin- (OFX) resistant and 100 OFX-sensitive isolates of M. tuberculosis were consecutively selected from routine Tuberculosis laboratory.