MRI Evaluation of Microstructural and Perfusion Changes in Patients with Hemsensory Neurological Syndromes.

Background: Hemisensory syndrome is characterized by a nondermatomal sensory deficit involving one half of the body. With the conventional imaging techniques, researches find low diagnostic yield in this condition; however, with the advancements in MRI imaging, there is hope to find the pathophysiological basis of hemisensory symptoms.

Objective: To evaluate microstructural and perfusion changes in brain parenchyma in patients with hemisensory syndrome on MRI with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and arterial spin labeling (ASL).

Recurrent thunderclap headache after endovascular embolization of pial AV malformation by onyx material.

Thunderclap headache is a sudden severe headache with onset to peak within one minute. Multiple excruciating, short-lived thunderclap headaches over a few days to weeks are highly suggestive of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS). RCVS can be primary or secondary to several factors, but it is rarely described after neuro-endovascular procedures using onyx material.

The Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 on an Adult Indian Population.

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was a pandemic with many physical, psychological, and socioeconomic effects. COVID-19 caused a global increase in anxiety and depression because of its novelty, high infectivity, varied presentation, and unpredictable mortality. In the face of collapsing healthcare facilities, monetary setbacks, and loneliness because of lockdowns, people were anxious, and this was compounded by media sensationalism.

Does Calcified Neurocysticercosis Affect Migraine Characteristics and Treatment Responsiveness? A Case-Control Study.

Recently, inflammation and free-radical release has been described in the surrounding brain parenchyma of seemingly inert calcified lesions of neurocysticercosis. These free radicals can induce migraine by stimulating calcitonin gene-related peptide release. This stipulated mechanism led us to hypothesize that calcified neurocysticercosis may increase migraine severity.

Alien-hand syndrome with mirror movements in hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids.

Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor gene. It is an adult-onset leukodystrophy, with a wide spectrum of neurological and psychiatric manifestations that includes Parkinsonism, dementia, seizures, limb weakness, spasticity and abnormal motor behaviour. Alien-hand syndrome and mirror movements are rare manifestations of this and other neurodegenerative disorders.

Spectrum of neurological complications following COVID-19 vaccination.

COVID-19 vaccines have brought us a ray of hope to effectively fight against deadly pandemic of COVID-19 and hope to save lives. Many vaccines have been granted emergency use authorizations by many countries. Post-authorization, a wide spectrum of neurological complications is continuously being reported following COVID-19 vaccination.

Serum fractalkine and 3-nitrotyrosine levels correlate with disease severity in Parkinson's disease: a pilot study.

Parkinson's disease (PD) and Parkinsonian syndromes; Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and Multiple system atrophy (MSA) are debilitating neurodegenerative disorders. Fractalkine is a chemokine involved in neuroinflammation, whereas, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) is a marker of early neurodegenerative cellular-damage. We measured Fractalkine and 3-NT levels in the serum of these patients to examine the neuroinflammation hypothesis and also to decipher the propensity of these biologics to be used as early (5 years from onset) biochemical markers in neurodegenerative Parkinsonism.

18FDG-Positron Emission Tomography in patients with Tuberculous Meningitis: A Prospective Evaluation.

Lower yield of available diagnostic tests for tuberculous meningitis (TBM) frequently causes delay in diagnosis. Recently, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) has been used in infectious disorders such as pulmonary tuberculosis; however, it is rarely used in TBM. This study was aimed to ascertain the role of FDG PET in the diagnosis and determination of the extent of disease and prognosis in patients with TBM.

Paroxysmal Hemicrania: An Update.

Paroxysmal Hemicrania (PH) is classified under trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TAC) as per the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD). Since the first description by 0ttar Sjaastad and Inge Dale in 1974, PH has been reported by many authors. A greater understanding of PH phenotype and pathophysiology has resulted in the evolution of its diagnostic criteria, and management.

Is new daily persistent headache a fallout of somatization? An observational study.

Objective: New daily persistent headache (NDPH) is characterized by daily, persistent headache with clearly remembered onset, preceding events or triggers and treatment refractoriness of headache. The pathophysiology of NDPH is still unresolved. NDPH has been associated with somatoform disorder (DSM 4 TR).

Spinal cord involvement in COVID-19: A review.

Recent literature points towards myelitis, like encephalitis, as a common central nervous system complication of COVID-19. This review elaborates on disorders of the spinal cord caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. To review the published data about SARS-CoV-2-associated spinal cord disorders and assess their clinical, neuroimaging, treatment, and prognostic aspects.

Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus: Novel Mutations.

Objective: To describe the spectrum of neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM), document new mutations, and review published Indian literature on the etiology of NDM.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinical and genetic profile of 12 NDM patients.

Results: Eight patients presented with NDM before the age of 6 mo.

Neuromuscular presentations in patients with COVID-19.

COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that has an affinity for neural tissue. There are reports of encephalitis, encephalopathy, cranial neuropathy, Guillain-Barrè syndrome, and myositis/rhabdomyolysis in patients with COVID-19. In this review, we focused on the neuromuscular manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Encephalopathy in patients with COVID-19: A review.

Encephalopathy and encephalitis are major and devastating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus-associated central nervous system complications. Hypoxic/metabolic changes produced by intense inflammatory response against the virus triggers cytokine storm and subsequently acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. Hypoxic/metabolic changes result in encephalopathy.