Real-Time Estimation of for Supporting Public-Health Policies Against COVID-19.

In the absence of a consensus protocol to slow down the spread of SARS-CoV-2, policymakers need real-time indicators to support decisions in public health matters. The Effective Reproduction Number ( ) represents the number of secondary infections generated per each case and can be dramatically modified by applying effective interventions. However, current methodologies to calculate from data remain somewhat cumbersome, thus raising a barrier between its timely calculation and application by policymakers.

Statistically-based methodology for revealing real contagion trends and correcting delay-induced errors in the assessment of COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped our world in a timescale much shorter than what we can understand. Particularities of SARS-CoV-2, such as its persistence in surfaces and the lack of a curative treatment or vaccine against COVID-19, have pushed authorities to apply restrictive policies to control its spreading. As data drove most of the decisions made in this global contingency, their quality is a critical variable for decision-making actors, and therefore should be carefully curated.

A multi-group SEIRA model for the spread of COVID-19 among heterogeneous populations.

The outbreak and propagation of COVID-19 have posed a considerable challenge to modern society. In particular, the different restrictive actions taken by governments to prevent the spread of the virus have changed the way humans interact and conceive interaction. Due to geographical, behavioral, or economic factors, different sub-groups among a population are more (or less) likely to interact, and thus to spread/acquire the virus.

Treatment Strategy for Newly Diagnosed T1 High-grade Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: New Insights and Updated Recommendations.

Context: High-grade T1 (T1HG) bladder cancer (BCa) has a very high likelihood of disease recurrence and progression to muscle invasion. Radical cystectomy is considered the best chance at cure, albeit with a high risk of morbidity, and is overtreatment for some patients. Treatment with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) allows bladder preservation but may risk disease progression.

Fragmentation targeted at preferred discontinuities: A new concept in endolithotripsy with Holmium laser:YAG.

Introduction: There are currently 3holmium laser, YAG (Ho:YAG) endolithotripsy procedures that are considered basic (fragmentation, pulverisation, "pop-corn" technique). We present the technique of fragmentation targeted at preferred discontinuities (FTPD), a new concept of endolithotripsy by Ho:YAG laser.

Material And Methods: The FTPD technique is based on the selective application of energy (targeting a specific preselected point) to an area that is visually prone to the formation of a fracture line or preferred discontinuity (conditioned by the anisotropy of the urolithiasis).

Live surgery: highly educational or harmful?

Purpose: Live surgery (LS) is considered a useful teaching opportunity. The benefits must be balanced with patient safety concerns. To evaluate the rate of complications of a series of urologic LS performed by experts during the Congress Challenge in Laparoscopy and Robotics (CILR).

Correlation Between Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (Cellvizio) and Histological Grading of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Step Forward for a Better Selection of Patients Suitable for Conservative Management.

Background: Despite the recent growing interest in the conservative management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), the diagnostic process is still a challenge for the risk of tumor undergrading. Real-time confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) provides in vivo microscopic images of tissues using a low-energy laser light source.

Objective: To describe our initial experience with CLE for the real-time characterization of UTUC.

[Laparoscopic management of ureteroileal stenosis: Long term follow up.].

Objective: To describe the laparoscopic approach for uretero-ileal anastomosis strictures and to analyse our long term series.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed evaluating our series of patients with benign ureteroileal anastomosis strictures treated laparoscopically from 2011 to 2017. Demographics and perioperative data were obtained and analyzed.

Robotic kidney transplantation: one year after the beginning.

Introduction: Kidney transplantation (KT) is the preferred treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). To reduce the morbidity of the open surgery, a robotic-assisted approach has been recently introduced. Our aim is to evaluate surgical and functional results on 17 cases of robotic-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) performed at the same institution.

[Pediatric Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy].

Introduction: Extracorporeal Shock Wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the cornerstone of pediatric urolitiasis management. We evaluated its efficacy and complications in a series of children.

Material And Methods: Children who were managed with ESWL between 2003 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.

Robot-assisted radical cystoprostatectomy: Analysis of the complications and oncological and functional aspects.

Objectives: To review our experience in robot-assisted radical cystectomy, assessing the complications and oncological and functional results.

Materials And Methods: From 2007 to 2014, we performed 67 robot-assisted radical cystectomies combined with lymphadenectomy in 61 cases. The operations were performed on 37 patients due to muscle-invasive tumours and on 30 due to high-risk nonmuscle-invasive tumours.

Long-term Bladder and Upper Urinary Tract Follow-up Recurrence and Progression Rates of G1-2 Non-muscle-invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder.

Objective: To evaluate the risk of long-term tumor recurrence and progression in patients with low- and intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers, which could facilitate optimization in the follow-up schedules.

Materials And Methods: A single-institution, retrospective analysis of 704 patients with primary TaG1, TaG2, T1G1, and T1G2 urothelial carcinomas of the bladder without concomitant carcinoma in situ, treated with transurethral resection, was performed. Response was determined and monitored by routine periodic urine cytology, cystoscopy, and upper tract imaging.

Failure of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Definition and treatment options.

Unlabelled: Adjuvant intravesical bacillus Calmette- Guérin (BCG) therapy is the standard conservative adjuvant treatment and the most effective regimen for patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The term "BCG failure" is generally used to refer to recurrence or progression following BCG therapy, as experienced by many patients. However, the term has been defined inconsistently, and several studies have indicated that patients with a particular pattern of BCG failure have a worse prognosis.

Simple Laparoscopic Nephrectomy in Stone Disease: Not Always Simple.

Objectives: Simple nephrectomy is performed for a benign pathology that does not require the excision of either the adrenal gland or any adenopathies. When it is carried out in cases of stone disease, however, it is frequently not a "simple" technique owing to the presence of significant inflammation and infection.

Methods: Ninety-six simple laparoscopic nephrectomies performed because of stone disease between 2006 and 2015 were retrospectively studied.

Quality of life in female patients with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex: Long-term follow-up.

Introduction: Bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) is a congenital malformation that requires multiple surgeries during childhood and life-long follow-up. It often presents with conditions that have the potential to impact quality-of-life (QoL) and psychosocial functioning of affected patients, such as incontinence and sexual dysfunction. The aim of this study is to examine the QoL, urinary continence, sexual function, and overall health in a long-term series of female patients with BEEC.

Is it possible to stop follow-up of patients with primary T1G3 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder managed with intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy?

Background: Recurrence and progression of T1 grade 3 (T1G3) urothelial bladder carcinomas (UBCs) treated with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) are common events, but the long-term follow-up of the disease remains controversial.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of BCG intravesical therapy in relation to disease recurrence and progression in primary T1G3 UBCs and upper tract disease.

Patients And Methods: A single-institution, retrospective, population-based analysis of 316 patients with primary T1G3 UBC treated with transurethral resection (TUR) and BCG induction intravesical instillations was performed.

Mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy with high-power holmium YAG laser in pediatric patients with staghorn and complex calculi.

Introduction: Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is the treatment of choice for most cases of renal lithiasis in children. Some cases, however, are refractory to SWL and may be associated with anatomic and metabolic changes or a large stone burden. In these circumstances, mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) is an option.

Renal and Adrenal Minilaparoscopy: A Prospective Multicentric Study.

Objective: To investigate the role of contemporary minilaparoscopy (ML; 3 mm instruments and laparoscope) and to identify predictive factors for complications in a prospective multicenter series for renal and adrenal surgeries.

Materials And Methods: From July 2013 to December 2014, 110 patients from 6 laparoscopic Spanish centers were enrolled. A common database was used and data were collected in a prospective manner.

Acute Renal Failure Secondary to Rhabdomyolysis as a Complication of Major Urological Surgery: The Experience of a High-Volume Urological Center.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of acute renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis (ARFSR) as a complication of major urological surgery (MUS), as well as to describe the clinical characteristics and identify possible risk and protective factors.

Subjects And Methods: Cases of ARFSR due to MUS between January 1997 and August 2011 were identified using the institutional database. The incidence was estimated and the clinical characteristics were analyzed using simple scatterplot graphs to identify possible risk and protective factors.

Laparoscopic Management of Ureteroileal Anastomosis Strictures: Initial Experience.

Background: A ureteroileal anastomosis stricture (UAS) is one of the most frequent complications after radical cystectomy. Open surgical repair is the treatment of choice but is associated with morbidity.

Objective: To describe the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic management for benign secondary UAS.

[Endoscopic bladder neck incision as first step in radical prostatectomy: An aid for patients previously treated for Bladder outlet obstruction].

Objective: Some patients with the indication of radical prostatectomy (RP) have often undergone previous surgical treatment for bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). These previous treatments make oncological surgery more challenging because of the difficulty in the identification of bladder neck and ureteral orifices. We present a new technique that entails previous endoscopic marking of bladder neck in order to make radical prostatectomy easier.

Robotic-assisted kidney transplantation: our first case.

Purpose: Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. In order to reduce the morbidity of the open surgery, a robotic-assisted approach has been recently introduced. According to the published literature, the robotic surgery allows the performance of kidney transplantation under optimal operative conditions while maintaining the safety and the functional results of the open approach.

Off-Clamp Renal Tumourectomy by Retroperitoneoscopy in Posterior Renal Tumours of Medium Complexity (Padua score 8-9).

Background: The guidelines recommend partial surgery for T1 renal tumours. Various aspects of this surgery have evolved in recent years, including the clamping method and duration, enucleation, the retroperitoneoscopic approach and the use of 3mm ports. We present our initial series on laparoscopic renal tumourectomy by retroperitoneoscopy (LRTR) and analyse our learning curve and use of 3-mm instrumentation.