Estimación de la Relación Costo-Efectividad de las Vacunas Neumocócicas Conjugadas Prevenar-13 y Synflorix®, Utilizadas en Los Programas de Vacunación de Población Infantil Mexicana.

Objective: To estimate the cost effectiveness associated with the use of pneumococcal conjugated vaccines, Prevenar-13 and Synflorix®, in the Mexican pediatric population.

Methods: The cost-effectiveness ratio of instrumenting vaccination programs based upon the use of Prevenar-13 and Synflorix® in the Mexican pediatric population was estimated by using a Markov's simulation model. The robustness of the conclusions reached on cost-effectiveness for both vaccines was assayed through an univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis that included all of the parameters considered by the model.

Complete Genome Sequence of Human Coronavirus OC43 Isolated from Mexico.

We report the complete genome sequence of the first Mexican human coronavirus (HCoV) OC43, obtained by new-generation sequencing and a metagenomic approach, isolated from a child hospitalized with pneumonia. The genome is closely related to the other OC43 genome sequences available, ranging from 99.8% to 98.

Rhinovirus is an important pathogen in upper and lower respiratory tract infections in Mexican children.

Background: Most of the studies characterizing the incidence of rhinovirus (RV) have been carried out in hospitalized children and in developed countries. In those studies, RV-C has been associated with more severe respiratory tract infections than RV species A and B. In this study we determined the frequency and diversity of RV strains associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections (URTI, LRTI) in Mexico, and describe the clinical characteristics of the illness associated with different RV species.

Is there still room for novel viral pathogens in pediatric respiratory tract infections?

Viruses are the most frequent cause of respiratory disease in children. However, despite the advanced diagnostic methods currently in use, in 20 to 50% of respiratory samples a specific pathogen cannot be detected. In this work, we used a metagenomic approach and deep sequencing to examine respiratory samples from children with lower and upper respiratory tract infections that had been previously found negative for 6 bacteria and 15 respiratory viruses by PCR.

SCCmec types and pvl gene in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from children hospitalized in a tertiary care hospital in Mexico.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, SCCmec types, presence of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene, and susceptibility to antibiotics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from hospitalized children.

Methods: From August 2009 to September 2011, 291 S. aureus strains were isolated from normally sterile body sites, of which 190 (65%) were MRSA.

[Respiratory tract infections in indigenous migrant Mexican day-laboring families' children].

Objective: Identifying factors associated with respiratory tract infection in indigenous migrant day-laborer families'children living in the sugarcane sector in Colima, Mexico.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Having given their informed consent, 71 mothers were interviewed for compiling pertinent sociodemographic data and a history of respiratory tract infection in their children during the harvest period 2010-2011.

Sexual risk behavior and type of sexual partners in transnational indigenous migrant workers.

Indigenous migrant workers (IMWs) have a high vulnerability to HIV and STDs due to poverty and marginalization. This study examined factors associated with sexual risk behavior (SRB) according to type of partner in transnational young male IMWs at a sugar cane agro-industrial complex in western Mexico. A total of 192 sexually active IMWs were recruited from four laborer shelters to participate in a sexual partner survey.

Measurement of Haemophilus influenzae type a capsular polysaccharide antibodies in cord blood sera.

We measured anti-Haemophilus influenzae type a capsular polysaccharide serum immunoglobulin G antibodies in cord blood sera from Mexican (n = 68) and Chilean mothers (n = 72) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Measurable antibodies were found in 79.3% of samples.

Phenotypes and genotypes of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes strains isolated from invasive and non-invasive infections from Mexico and the USA during 1999-2010.

Objective: To compare the prevalence, phenotypes, and genes responsible for erythromycin resistance among Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from Mexico and the USA.

Methods: Eighty-nine invasive and 378 non-invasive isolates from Mexico, plus 148 invasive, 21 non-invasive, and five unclassified isolates from the USA were studied. Susceptibilities to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, ceftriaxone, and vancomycin were evaluated according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards.

[Consensus on the clinical and microbiologic diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis, and infection prevention. Expert Group on Pertussis Vaccination].

Pertussis continues to be responsible for a significant disease burden worldwide. Although immunization practices have reduced the occurrence of the disease among children, waning vaccine- and infection-induced immunity still allows the disease to affect adolescents and adults who, in turn, can transmit the disease to non-immunized or partially immunized infants. This document is the result of a meeting in Mexico City of international experts who analyzed recent medical information in order to establish the current status of the epidemiology, diagnosis and surveillance of pertussis and, especially, the value of the dTpa booster dose in adolescents and adults as a pertussis prevention strategy in Mexico.

Clinical outcomes in Mexican children with febrile acute upper respiratory tract infections: no impact of antibiotic therapy.

Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes (duration of signs and symptoms) and the microbiology in Mexican children with non-complicated febrile upper respiratory tract infections (URI), with and without the use of antibiotics.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study from September 2006 to July 2007. The study population consisted of 880 children aged 6 months to 5 years 11 months, attending four community daycare centers run by the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) and three non-IMSS daycare centers.

[Risk factors associated to neonatal cross-infection].

Background: Late-onset sepsis (occurring after 3 days of age) either cross-infection (CI) or perinatal is the first cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) around the world. Our objective was to determine the current incidence of CI risk factors in neonates admitted to the NICU of the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara during a 9-month period.

Methods: A case-control study with 114 newborns; 38 with CI and 76 controls.

[Spread of S. pyogenes to the caretakers and relatives from nasopharyngeal carrier children attended in a day care center].

Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of nasopharyngeal S. pyogenes (SP) carriers among children attending a day care center (DCC) and the spread of specific clones (SC) among caretakers and relatives.

Methods: nasopharyngeal cultures were performed in children with SP positive culture (306), family members (51) and caretakers (73) at time 0, and four and seven months later.

[Multivariate model to predict Streptococcus pyogenes tonsillitis].

Objective: to develop a multivariate model to predict the Streptococcus pyogenes isolation in patients with acute tonsillitis.

Methods: cross-sectional analytic study on patients with acute tonsillitis without a recent history of antimicrobial consumption. We evaluated 14 signs and 18 symptoms.

Serotypes and susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from children in Mexico.

Objective: To identify serotypes and susceptibility of S. pneumoniae strains from 48 children with invasive infections and 50 carriers.

Material And Methods: Typing was performed by the Quellung reaction and susceptibility by Kirby-Bauer and Etest according to CLSI standards.

Immunoglobulin G avidities in infants in Mexico after primary immunization with three doses of polyribosylribitol phosphate-tetanus toxoid Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine.

Serum immunoglobulin G concentrations and avidities specific to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) were measured in 208 children living in Guadalajara and Mexico City. Protective concentrations were found in 98.9% and 100.

Interpersonal relationships and group A streptococcus spread in a Mexican day-care center.

Objective: To study the effect of different degrees of centrality on the carrying of identical group A streptococcus (GAS) clones in the nasopharynx of children from a Mexican public day-care center.

Material And Methods: Nasopharyngeal cultures were performed in children from rooms B (RB) (n = 35) and C (RC) (n = 37). The Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) patterns were compared among GAS isolates.

[Deficient identification of signs and symptoms in Streptoccoci amigdalitis].

Objective: To evaluate the degree of identification of main signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis by resident doctors, general practitioners, family physicians and pediatricians.

Materials And Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional and comparative study was done. A validated questionnaire was applied including the following topics: social demographic, main signs and symptoms, clinical cases; and clinical pictures.

Otitis media today: a challenge for physicians and the community.

Acute otitis media is one of the most common causes of medical consultation worldwide, and has a high economic impact. In this review, a clear definition between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion is presented. The microbiology and characterization of the main bacterial isolates in acute otitis media and the susceptibility patterns are reviewed, and the latest concepts in antimicrobial treatment are discussed.

[Antibody development and frequency of events temporarily associated with measles and rubella vaccines among university health personnel in Jalisco].

Objective: To evaluate the seroprevalence, seroconversion, anamnesic response and events temporally associated with immune status pre and post immunization with measles and rubella vaccine in health personnel from a public University in Guadalajara, Mexico.

Material And Methods: We carried out a prospective, longitudinal and comparative study from May to June 2000 among 120 healthy volunteers. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

[Knowledge about HIV/AIDS in young people from indigenous migrant day laborer families in Colima and Nayarit].

Objective: to explore the pattern of knowledge about HIV/AIDS among young native migrant farm workers.

Methods: analytical crosscut study. Sample: 135 young people selected by propositive sampling.

[Prevalence of Streptococcus algalactiae serotype III in pregnant women].

Background: Group B streptococcus, or Streptococcus agalactiae, is a grampositive coccus related to infections in the mother and the newborn during peri and postnatal period.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of S. agalactiae serotype III and the susceptibility to antimicrobials in strains isolated from pregnant women.

[Knowledge of HIV/AIDS among urban adolescents: cultural consensus of doubts and uncertainties].

Objective: To describe the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among adolescents from different socioeconomic strata (SS), using cultural consensus analysis.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study was conducted from July 1995 to March 1996, among 758 adolescents from Guadalajara, México. Data were collected using a questionnaire, and analyzed by means of: a) consensus by SS and gender using factorial analysis; and b) identification of the cultural pattern of correct answers, and concordance of individual/group answers using Pearson's r correlation coefficients.