Exploring potooxidative degradation pathways of harmol and harmalol alkaloids in water: effects of pH, excitation sources and atmospheric conditions.

This work explores the photochemical degradation of cationic species of 7-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-pyrido[3,4-]indole or harmol (1C) and the corresponding partially hydrogenated derivative 7-hydroxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2-pyrido[3,4-]indole or harmalol (2C) in aqueous solution. UV-visible absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis (MCR-ALS and PARAFAC), HPLC and HRESI-MS techniques were used for both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The formation of hydrogen peroxide reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantified, and the influence of pH, oxygen partial pressure and photoexcitation source on the photochemical degradation of both compounds was assessed.

Distribution of photoactive β-carboline alkaloids across Passiflora caerulea floral organs.

This study reports valuable information regarding the presence and concentration of a series of photoactive β-carboline (βCs) alkaloids (norharmane, harmane, harmine, harmol, harmaline, and harmalol) and their distribution across the floral age and organs of Passiflora caerulea. UHPLC-MS/MS data reported herein reveal that the βCs' content ranged from 1 to 110 μg kg , depending on the floral organ and age. In certain physiologically relevant organs, such as anthers, βCs' content was one order of magnitude higher than in other organs, suggesting a special role for βCs in this specific organ.

Discriminatory Experiences Among Black Youth: How Encounters and Expectations Explain Emotional Well-Being.

Research suggests that encounters with racism are related to depression in Black youth. However, less is known about how experienced racial discrimination can influence other aspects of well-being among Black youth including their socio-emotional development and behavior. In addition, emerging literature highlights the critical ways anticipated racial discrimination may impact the emotional well-being of Black youth.

Understanding community- and system-capacity change over time: A close look at changing social capital in Evidence2Success communities.

Evidence in majority White and low-population areas suggest that community prevention systems can create social capital that is needed to support high-quality implementation and sustainability of evidence-based programs. This study expands prior work by asking the question: How does community social capital change during the implementation of a community prevention system in low-income, highly populated communities of color? Data were collected from Community Board members and Key Leaders in five communities. Linear mixed effect models analyzed data on reports of social capital over time, first as reported by Community Board members then by Key Leaders.

Spectroscopic and quantum chemical characterization of the ground and lowest electronically excited singlet and triplet states of halo- and nitro-harmines in aqueous media.

Halogenated and nitro β-carboline (βCs) alkaloids have garnered increasing interest for their role in a broad range of biological, pharmacological and biotechnological processes. Addressing their spectroscopic and photophysical properties provide tools to further explore the presence of these alkaloids in complex biological matrices. In addition, these studies help to elucidate processes where these alkaloids are involved.

Photophysical and spectroscopic features of 3,4-dihydro-β-carbolines: a combined experimental and theoretical approach.

3,4-Dihydro-β-carbolines (DHβCs) are a set of endogenously synthesized alkaloids spread over a great variety of living species (e.g., plants, animals and microorganisms), playing a broad spectrum of biological, biochemical and/or pharmacological roles, in a structure-dependent manner.

Photophysics and photochemistry of carminic acid and related natural pigments.

Carminic acid (CA) and other related compounds have been widely used as dyes in cultural heritage, cosmetics and the food industry. Therefore, the study of their properties upon photoexcitation is particularly important. In this work, the photophysical and photochemical properties of CA, carminic lake and other related pigments in aqueous solutions are revisited.

Light-induced full aromatization and hydroxylation of 7-methoxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole alkaloid: Oxygen partial pressure as a key modulator of the photoproducts distribution.

Full-aromatic and partially hydrogenated β-carboline (βC) derivatives constitute a group of alkaloids widely distributed in a great variety of living systems. In plants and bacteria, tetrahydro-βCs are the primary product of the Pictet-Spengler enzymatically catalyzed condensation. Tetrahydro-βC skeleton is further modified giving rise to the formation of a vast set of derivatives including dihydro- and full-aromatic βCs.

DNA damage photo-induced by chloroharmine isomers: hydrolysis versus oxidation of nucleobases.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging clinical treatment currently being used against a wide range of both cancerous and noncancerous diseases. The search for new active photosensitizers as well as the development of novel selective delivery systems are the major challenges faced in the application of PDT. We investigated herein three chloroharmine derivatives (6-, 8- and 6,8-dichloroharmines) with quite promising intrinsic photochemical tunable properties and their ability to photoinduce DNA damage in order to elucidate the underlying photochemical mechanisms.

Using family paradigms to improve evidence-based practice.

Purpose: Evidence-based practice (EBP) describes clinical decision making using research, clinical experience, and client values. For family-centered practices, the client's family is integral to this process. This article proposes that using family paradigms, a family science framework, may help elicit and understand client/family values within family-centered EBP.

Shared ancestry, evolving stories: similar and contrasting life experiences described by foreign born and U.S. born Latino parents.

As the Latino population in the United States continues to increase, so does the necessity for in-depth knowledge about their life experiences. This qualitative study sought to privilege the voices of Latino parents by utilizing focus group discussions. Specifically, participants described the life experiences that have the greatest influence on their parenting efforts.

To participate or not to participate: that is the question.

Do I wish to participate or not to participate in this program? That is the question that young people ask themselves when considering a new opportunity. What can be done to increase the likelihood that they will choose to participate in out-of-school-time (OST) programs? This chapter describes a qualitative study that examined reasons for participating or not participating in OST programs. Some common reasons emerged, but the study also revealed differences among youth from different ethnic groups.

Professionalizing youth development: the role of higher education.

Certificates, credentials, and degrees offered through institutions of higher education allow youth development professionals to acquire educational experiences that are recognized in a formal manner.

Compaction of rods: relaxation and ordering in vibrated, anisotropic granular material.

We report on experiments to measure the temporal and spatial evolution of packing arrangements of anisotropic, cylindrical granular material, using high-resolution capacitive monitoring. In these experiments, the particle configurations start from an initially disordered, low-packing-fraction state and under vertical vibrations evolve to a dense, highly ordered, nematic state in which the long particle axes align with the vertical tube walls. We find that the orientational ordering process is reflected in a characteristic, steep rise in the local packing fraction.