Essential Oil of Fractionated Oregano as Motility Inhibitor of Bacteria Associated with Urinary Tract Infections.

In this research, several analyses were carried out on concentrated fractions of Mexican oregano essential oil ( Gray) in order to determine its ability to inhibit the growth and the motility of (swimming), (swimming), and (swarming); these Gram-negative bacteria associated with urinary tract infections are motile due to the presence of flagella, which is considered an important virulence factor that favors their motility when trying to reach the target organ and cause an infection. Also, the resistance pattern to antibiotics of each strain was determined. The results showed resistance pattern (8 out of 12 antibiotics tested) for , while and were resistant to 4 antibiotics out of the 12 tested.

Drug Resistance in Biofilm and Planktonic Cells of spp., spp., and Clinical Isolates.

Biofilm production in nonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria influences drug resistance. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different antibiotics on biofilm eradication of clinical isolates of , , and . Clinical isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry in a third-level hospital in Monterrey, Mexico.

Biofilm Eradication and Inhibition of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Clinical Isolates by Curcumin-Chitosan Magnetic Nanoparticles.

Biofilm-producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) pose clinical challenges in treating healthcare-associated infections. As alternative antimicrobial options are needed, in this study, we aimed to determine the effect of curcumin-chitosan magnetic nanoparticles (Cur-Chi-MNP) on the biofilms of staphylococcal clinical isolates. MRSA and CoNS clinical isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Antibacterial efficacy of novel bismuth-silver nanoparticles synthesis on and infection models.

Introduction: The emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria is one of the main concerns in the health sector worldwide. The conventional strategies for treatment and prophylaxis against microbial infections include the use of antibiotics. However, these drugs are failing due to the increasing antimicrobial resistance.

Antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity of curcumin-chitosan nanocomplexes and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on , and isolates.

Background: Non-fermenting Gram-negative complex, and species cause healthcare-associated infections, often showing resistance to first-line drugs such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SXT). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of curcumin-chitosan nanocomplexes on biofilm-producing clinical isolates of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli.

Methods: complex, and clinical isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

Analysis of biofilm production and expression of adhesion structures of circulating Clostridioides difficile strains from Mexico.

Introduction: Clostridioides difficile biofilms are believed to protect the pathogen from antibiotics, in addition to potentially contributing to recurrent infections.

Methodology: Biofilm production of 102 C. difficile isolates was determined using the crystal violet staining technique, and detachment assays were performed.

Improvement of antimicrobial susceptibility testing in biofilm-growingcoagulase-negative Staphylococcus hominis.

Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus hominis causes bloodstream infections and often can form biofilms on medical devices. This study aimed to improve the current methodology for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) in biofilm-growing S. hominis isolates.

Microbial diversity and colonization patterns of two step-down care units from a tertiary care hospital.

Nosocomial surfaces are potential pathogen reservoirs. Our aim was to describe the microbial diversity and analyze microbial patterns of healthcare-associated pathogens in two step-down-care-units at a tertiary care hospital. We monitored infected patients over 45 days to describe microbial diversity and colonization patterns.

Two New Dihydrosphingosine Analogs Against Affect , Expression.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains threaten the control of tuberculosis. New antitubercular dihydrosphingosine analogs, named UCIs, have been evaluated in preclinical studies but their cellular and molecular mechanisms of action against are still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of UCI exposure on gene expression of drug-sensitive H37Rv and MDR CIBIN:UMF:15:99 clones of which were isolated, phenotypically, and genetically characterized, cultured to log phase and treated with UCI compounds; followed by total RNA isolation, reverse transcription and hybridization assays on Affymetrix genomic microarrays.

Diversity of Circulating Ribotypes in Mexico and Susceptibility to Fidaxomicin, Vancomycin, and Metronidazole.

In this study, we report the results of the epidemiological analysis of ribotypes (RTs) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Most isolates were RT027, representing 73% (84/115) of isolates. No isolates with reduced susceptibility to fidaxomicin were found; however, 38 (33.

Analysis of biofilm production and expression of adhesion structures of circulating Clostridioides difficile strains from Mexico.

Introduction: Clostridioides difficile biofilms are believed to protect the pathogen from antibiotics, in addition to potentially contributing to recurrent infections.

Methodology: Biofilm production of 102 C. difficile isolates was determined using the crystal violet staining technique, and detachment assays were performed.

Clinical characteristics associated with the severity of Clostridium [Clostridioides] difficile infection in a tertiary teaching hospital from Mexico.

Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a leading cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea worldwide. In this study, risk factors associated with the development of severe-complicated and recurrent outcomes in CDI patients in different age groups, including the non-elderly, were assessed in a third-level hospital.

Methods: CDI cases were detected by clinical data and polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR).

Discrimination of biofilm-producing Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical strains by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative drug-resistant pathogen responsible for healthcare-associated infections. The aim was to search for biomarker peaks that could rapidly detect biofilm production in S. maltophilia clinical isolates obtained from two tertiary care hospitals in Mexico.

Acquired Genetic Elements that Contribute to Antimicrobial Resistance in Frequent Gram-Negative Causative Agents of Healthcare-Associated Infections.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide public health problem that reduces therapeutic options and increases the risk of death. The causative agents of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are drug-resistant microorganisms of the nosocomial environment, which have developed different mechanisms of AMR. The hospital-associated microbiota has been proposed to be a reservoir of genes associated with AMR and an environment where the transfer of genetic material among organisms may occur.

Molecular epidemiology of predominant and emerging Clostridioides difficile ribotypes.

There has been an increase in the incidence and severity of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) worldwide, and strategies to control, monitor, and diminish the associated morbidity and mortality have been developed. Several typing methods have been used for typing of isolates and studying the epidemiology of CDI; serotyping was the first typing method, but then was replaced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PCR ribotyping is now the gold standard method; however, multi locus sequence typing (MLST) schemes have been developed.

Role of and Genes in Drug-Resistant .

Tuberculosis drug resistance (DR) is a global problem that is not fully elucidated. Previously, overexpression of and genes was reported in a multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolate compared with a reference H37Rv strain. To evaluate the roles of and in DR, analysis of their regulatory and coding sequences in sensitive and resistant strains was performed, and the expression levels of their transcriptional regulators IdeR, Zur, and MntR were evaluated.

Dynamics of colonization in patients with health care-associated infections at step-down care units from a tertiary care hospital in Mexico.

Background: Patient colonization has been suggested as a risk factor in hospital-associated infections (HAI) development, which are of the most frequent complications in hospitals.

Objective: To examine the colonization process and possible transmission routes of HAI-causative agents in step-down care unit (SDCU) patients.

Methods: Patients admitted to SDCU within 48 hours of admission that had no evidence of infection present, nurse health care workers (HCWs), and relatives of infected patients were included.

Virulence Factors of () Linked to Recurrent Infections.

From 20 to 30% of () infection (CDI), patients might develop recurrence of the infection (RCDI) and, after the first recurrence, the risk of further episodes increases up to 60%. Several bacterial virulence factors have been associated with RCDI, including the elevated production of toxins A and B, the presence of a binary toxin CDT, and mutations in the negative regulator of toxin expression, . Additional factors have shown to regulate toxin production and virulence in in RCDI, including the accessory-gene regulator , which acts as a positive switch for toxin transcription.

High sporulation and overexpression of virulence factors in biofilms and reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and linezolid in recurrent Clostridium [Clostridioides] difficile infection isolates.

Clostridium [Clostridioides] difficile infection (CDI) is one of the leading causes of diarrhea associated with medical care worldwide, and up to 60% of patients with CDI can develop a recurrent infection (R-CDI). A multi-species microbiota biofilm model of C. difficile was designed to evaluate the differences in the production of biofilms, sporulation, susceptibility to drugs, expression of sporulating (sigH, spo0A), quorum sensing (agrD1, and luxS), and adhesion-associated (slpA and cwp84) pathway genes between selected C.

Emerging of ptxP3 lineage in Bordetella pertussis strains circulating in a population in northeastern Mexico.

We determined the molecular epidemiology of Bordetella pertussis isolates to evaluate its potential impact on pertussis reemergence in a population of Mexico. Symptomatic and asymptomatic cases were included. Pertussis infection was confirmed by culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Circulation of Highly Drug-Resistant Clostridium difficile Ribotypes 027 and 001 in Two Tertiary-Care Hospitals in Mexico.

Objective: To assess drug susceptibility and characterize Clostridium difficile ribotypes in isolates from two tertiary-care hospitals in Mexico.

Methods: Isolates were evaluated for genotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and detection of mutations associated with drug resistance. PCR ribotyping was performed using a combination of gel-based and capillary electrophoresis-based approaches.