The Combination of Buparvaquone and ELQ316 Exhibit a Stronger Effect than ELQ316 and Imidocarb Against In Vitro.

Bovine babesiosis is a vector-borne disease transmitted by ticks that causes important losses in livestock worldwide. Recent research performed on the drugs currently used to control bovine babesiosis reported several issues including drug resistance, toxicity impact, and residues in edible tissue, suggesting the need for developing novel effective therapies. The endochin-like quinolones ELQ-316 and buparvaquone (BPQ) act as cytochrome 1 inhibitors and have been proven to be safe and efficacious against related apicomplexans, such as spp.

Transient efficacy of buparvaquone against the US isolate of Ikeda genotype in sub-clinically infected cattle.

Introduction: , an economically significant tick-borne hemoparasite, infects cattle globally. The Ikeda genotype, transmitted by ticks, is associated with clinical manifestations characterized by anemia, abortions, and mortality, although subclinical infections prevail. Despite the common occurrence of subclinical infections, therapeutic interventions targeting Ikeda in such cases are currently lacking, impeding effective parasite control measures.

Transient efficacy of buparvaquone against Theileria haneyi in chronically infected horses.

Background: Theileria haneyi is one of the three known causative agents of equine piroplasmosis. While imidocarb is generally effective in the clearance of the highly pathogenic Theileria equi, it is ineffective in the treatment of T. haneyi.

Effect of silica-sprayed collection tubes on synovial fluid bacterial culture.

Introduction: Silica-sprayed tubes (SSTs) are often used to transport synovial fluid samples in equine practice. They promote the coagulation of the sample. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of SST on bacterial culture.

Application of eprinomectin-containing parasiticides at label doses causes neurological toxicosis in cats homozygous for ABCB11930_1931del TC.

The feline MDR1 mutation (ABCB11930_1931delTC) has been associated with neurological toxicosis after topical application of eprinomectin products labeled for feline use. Information was collected from veterinarians who submitted samples for ABCB11930_1931delTC genotyping. In most cases, the submission form indicated an adverse event involving eprinomectin, in other cases submitting veterinarians were contacted to determine whether the patient had experienced an adverse drug event involving eprinomectin.

A pilot study investigating plasma pharmacokinetics and tolerance of oral capecitabine in carcinoma-bearing dogs.

Background: Capecitabine is an oral prodrug of the active metabolite 5-fluorouracil, which has been used effectively in human colorectal, head and neck, and mammary carcinomas. Capecitabine has several properties that make it an attractive treatment option for dogs: (i) it is relatively inexpensive, (ii) it has a short half-life in humans, allowing for rapid plasma concentration changes to be achieved with dosage adjustments, (iii) it is effective for treating carcinomas in humans, for which there are no widely-effective oral chemotherapy options in dogs, and (iv) it is thought to preferentially target cancer cells due to different expression of thymidine phosphorylase, thereby decreasing the risk of off-target side effects. However, capecitabine has not been widely explored as a chemotherapy agent for dogs.

Pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen after a single Oral administration of 20 or 40 mg/kg to 7-9 Day-old foals.

Background: Acetaminophen is utilized in human infants for pain management and fever. Neonatal foals might benefit from administration of acetaminophen but effective and safe dosage regimens for neonatal foals remains to be determined.

Objective: The objective was to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen following oral administration of a single dose of 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg to neonatal foals.

Pharmacokinetics of multiple oral doses of acetaminophen in equine neonates.

Objective: To determine the pharmacokinetics and clinical safety of acetaminophen after oral administration of 40 mg/kg q 12 hours or 60 mg/kg q 24 hours for 14 days.

Animals: 12 healthy light-breed neonatal foals.

Procedures: 6 foals received acetaminophen at 40 mg/kg q 12 hours and 6 foals received 60 mg/kg q 24 hours for 14 days.

Labeling PIEZO2 activity in the peripheral nervous system.

Sensory neurons detect mechanical forces from both the environment and internal organs to regulate physiology. PIEZO2 is a mechanosensory ion channel critical for touch, proprioception, and bladder stretch sensation, yet its broad expression in sensory neurons suggests it has undiscovered physiological roles. To fully understand mechanosensory physiology, we must know where and when PIEZO2-expressing neurons detect force.

Droplet-based luminescent sensor supported onto hydrophobic cellulose substrate for assessing fish freshness following smartphone readout.

In this work, two sensitive droplet-based luminescent assays with smartphone readout for the determination of trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) are reported. Both assays exploit the luminescence quenching of copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) produced when exposed to volatile nitrogen bases. In addition, hydrophobic-based cellulose substrates demonstrated their suitability as holders for both in-drop volatile enrichment and subsequent smartphone-based digitization of the enriched colloidal solution of CuNCs.

Pharmacokinetics of single dose administration of three increasing doses of acetaminophen per os in 1-3-month-old foals.

Background: Acetaminophen is a common analgesic and antipyretic drug used in human medicine and might be an alternative to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for treating pain and pyrexia in foals. The pharmacokinetics and safety of differing doses of acetaminophen have not been investigated in foals.

Objectives: To determine the plasma pharmacokinetics and any changes in haematology and biochemistry profiles following oral administration of single doses of acetaminophen at 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg to foals.

Waterproof Cellulose-Based Substrates for In-Drop Plasmonic Colorimetric Sensing of Volatiles: Application to Acid-Labile Sulfide Determination in Waters.

The present work reports on the assessment of widely available waterproof cellulose-based substrates for the development of sensitive in-drop plasmonic sensing approaches. The applicability of three inexpensive substrates, namely, Whatman 1PS, polyethylene-coated filter paper, and tracing paper, as holders for microvolumes of colloidal solutions was evaluated. Waterproof cellulose-based substrates demonstrated to be highly convenient platforms for analytical purposes, as they enabled generation of volatiles and syringeless drop exposure unlike conventional single-drop microextraction approaches and can behave as sample compartments for smartphone-based colorimetric sensing in an integrated way.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of repeat dosing of gabapentin in adult horses.

Background: The repeated administration of high doses of gabapentin may provide better analgesia in horses than current clinical protocols.

Hypothesis And Objectives: Administration of gabapentin at 40 and 120 mg/kg PO q 12 h for 14 days will not alter serum biochemistry findings or cause adverse effects. Our objectives were to evaluate the effect of gabapentin on serum biochemistry, physical examination, and plasma pharmacokinetics of gabapentin.

Gross, computed tomographic, and endoscopic anatomy of the equine carpal extensor tendon sheaths.

Objective: (1) To describe the computed tomography (CT) and gross anatomy of the equine extensor carpi radialis sheath (ECRS) and common digital extensor sheath (CDETS); (2) to describe a single-portal endoscopic examination of the ECRS and CDETS.

Study Design: Ex vivo experimental.

Sample Population: Thirty clinically normal cadaver thoracic equine limbs severed at the humeral diaphysis.

Applying metabolomics to veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.

Metabolomics is the large-scale study of low-molecular-weight substances in a biological system in a given physiological state at a given time point. Metabolomics can be applied to identify predictors of inter-individual variability in drug response, provide clinicians with data useful for decision-making processes in drug selection, and inform about the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a drug. It is, therefore, an exceptional approach for gaining new understanding effects in the field of comparative veterinary pharmacology.

Canine orosomucoid (alpha-1 acid glycoprotein) variants and their influence on drug plasma protein binding.

Orosomucoid polymorphisms influence plasma drug binding in humans; however, canine variants and their effect on drug plasma protein binding have not yet been reported. In this study, the orosomucoid gene (ORM1) was sequenced in 100 dogs to identify the most common variant and its allele frequency determined in 1,464 dogs (from 64 breeds and mixed-breed dogs). Plasma protein binding extent of amitriptyline, indinavir, verapamil, and lidocaine were evaluated by equilibrium dialysis using plasma from ORM1 genotyped dogs (n = 12).

Impairs Antibacterial Innate Immunity to Systemic Infections in Part Through Hemozoin-Bound Bioactive Molecules.

One complication of malaria is increased susceptibility to invasive bacterial infections. infections impair host immunity to non-Typhoid (NTS) through heme-oxygenase I (HO-I)-induced release of immature granulocytes and myeloid cell-derived IL-10. Yet, it is not known if these mechanisms are specific to NTS.

Pharmacometabolomics with a combination of PLS-DA and random forest algorithm analyses reveal meloxicam alters feline plasma metabolite profiles.

Repeated administration of meloxicam to cats is often limited by the potential damage to multiple organ systems. Identifying molecules that predict the adverse effects of meloxicam would help to monitor and individualize its administration, maximizing meloxicam's beneficial effects. The objectives of this study were to (a) determine if the repeated administration of meloxicam to cats alters the plasma metabolome and (b) identify plasma metabolites that may serve to monitor during the administration of meloxicam in cats.

Concentration of dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid but not lithium heparin affects total protein determination in equine synovial fluid.

Background: Refractometric determination of total protein (TP) in synovial fluid (SF) is commonly used for diagnosis and monitoring of synovial sepsis in horses. Previous studies have shown that elevated concentrations of certain anticoagulants may overestimate refractometric determination of TP concentration.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of dipotassium EDTA (KEDTA) and lithium heparin (LH) on TP determination by using a hand-held refractometer in equine synovial fluid.

Can blood serum amyloid A concentrations in horses differentiate synovial sepsis from extrasynovial inflammation and determine response to treatment?

Background: Serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations in blood and synovial fluid of horses with synovial sepsis have diagnostic value. Studies suggest serial blood SAA measurements could act as a prognostic indicator. This study evaluated the use of serial blood SAA concentrations for monitoring of horses with synovial sepsis.

Urinary chemical fingerprint left behind by repeated NSAID administration: Discovery of putative biomarkers using artificial intelligence.

Prediction and early detection of kidney damage induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) would provide the best chances of maximizing the anti-inflammatory effects while minimizing the risk of kidney damage. Unfortunately, biomarkers for detecting NSAID-induced kidney damage in cats remain to be discovered. To identify potential urinary biomarkers for monitoring NSAID-based treatments, we applied an untargeted metabolomics approach to urine collected from cats treated repeatedly with meloxicam or saline for up to 17 days.

Plasma disposition of gabapentin after the intragastric administration of escalating doses to adult horses.

Background: In humans, gabapentin an analgesic, undergoes non-proportional pharmacokinetics which can alter efficacy. No information exists on the pharmacokinetics of dosages >20 mg/kg, escalating dosages or dose proportionality of gabapentin in horses.

Hypothesis And Objectives: Gabapentin exposure in plasma would not increase proportionally relative to the dose in horses receiving dosages ≥20 mg/kg.