A systematic review and meta-analysis of basal microbiota and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease: A potential target for treatment or a contributor to disease progression?

Unlabelled: A systematic review and meta-analysis examined the impact of gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Dysbiosis may influence neurodegeneration by affecting gut permeability and neurotrophic factors, leading to cognitive decline. The study analyzed microbiome differences between patients with AD and healthy individuals, as well as the impact of various interventions in both preclinical and clinical studies.

Barriers and Facilitators on Pharmacovigilance Practice Among Pharmacists in Metro Manila, Philippines.

Purpose: The underreporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remains a significant challenge in the Philippines. Pharmacists play a crucial role in ensuring medication safety, improving patient outcomes, and enhancing the overall effectiveness of pharmacovigilance (PV) systems. This study explored the barriers and facilitators affecting PV practices among pharmacists in Metro Manila.

When metabolic comorbidities and risk of malnutrition coexist: The new era of inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and risk of malnutrition can coexist in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We performed a malnutrition risk assessment as part of the standard follow-up of IBD patients and studied the potential risk factors for being at risk of malnutrition based on the presence or absence of MASLD.

Methods: The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) was used to screen malnutrition risk (MUST ≥1) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP ≥248 dB/min) to assess MASLD.

Completion, safety, and efficacy of tuberculosis preventive treatment regimens containing rifampicin or rifapentine: an individual patient data network meta-analysis.

Background: 3 months of weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid (3HP) and 4 months of daily rifampicin (4R) are recommended for tuberculosis preventive treatment. As these regimens have not been compared directly, we used individual patient data and network meta-analysis methods to compare completion, safety, and efficacy between 3HP and 4R.

Methods: We conducted a network meta-analysis of individual patient data by searching PubMed for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between Jan 1, 2000, and Mar 1, 2019.

Comparative analysis of genomes reveals the absence of a specific genetic basis for biocontrol in strain 212.

strain 212 (PO212) is a filamentous fungus belonging to the division Ascomycete. PO212 acts as an effective biocontrol agent against several pathogens in a variety of horticultural crops including f.sp.

A Secondary Metabolism Pathway Involved in the Production of a Putative Toxin Is Expressed at Early Stage of Infection.

The necrotrophic pathogenic fungus causes brown rot disease on stone fruit generating significant yield losses. So far, a limited number of pathogenesis-related virulence factors, such as cell wall degrading enzymes and potential phytotoxins, have been described in spp. Using RNA-sequencing data from highly virulent ML8L strain at early stages of the infection process (6, 14, 24, and 48 h post-inoculation, hpi) on nectarine and the Pathogen-Host-Interactions (PHI) database, we selected a number of genes for further study and ranked them according to their transcription levels.

Extensively Drug-Resistant Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Medical Tourism from the United States to Mexico, 2018-2019.

Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) producing the Verona integron‒encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM) are highly antimicrobial drug-resistant pathogens that are uncommon in the United States. We investigated the source of VIM-CRPA among US medical tourists who underwent bariatric surgery in Tijuana, Mexico. Cases were defined as isolation of VIM-CRPA or CRPA from a patient who had an elective invasive medical procedure in Mexico during January 2018‒December 2019 and within 45 days before specimen collection.

Granulocyte and monocyte/macrophage apheresis for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory arthropathies: case reports.

Drug therapy of immune-mediated inflammatory arthropathies is not always satisfactory, and there is a risk of adverse events. Granulocyte and monocyte/macrophage apheresis (GMA) is a non-pharmacological therapeutic option that is beneficial and very well tolerated. GMA involves passing blood through a column with cellulose acetate beads to remove increased and activated myeloid lineage cells and improve the cytokine profile.

The Effects of Lifestyle Intervention Using the Modified Beliefs, Attitude, Subjective Norms, Enabling Factors Model in Hypertension Management: Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: Hypertension is a serious health issue and a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Although various health education models have been used to improve lifestyle in patients with hypertension, the findings have been inconsistent.

Objective: This study aims to assess the effects of a lifestyle intervention program using a modified Beliefs, Attitude, Subjective Norms, Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model among nonadherent participants with hypertension in managing elevated blood pressure (BP) levels.

Genomic Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Congregate Healthcare Facilities in Santa Clara County, California.

Background: Outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) cause significant morbidity and mortality. Mapping viral transmission within and between facilities by combining genomic sequencing with epidemiologic investigations enables targeting infection-control interventions.

Methods: We conducted weekly surveillance of residents and staff in LTCFs in Santa Clara County, California, with ≥1 confirmed COVID-19 case between March and July 2020.

Comparative Genomics Used to Predict Virulence Factors and Metabolic Genes among Species.

Brown rot, caused by spp., is among the most important diseases in stone fruits, and some pome fruits (mainly apples). This disease is responsible for significant yield losses, particularly in stone fruits, when weather conditions favorable for disease development appear.

Epidemiological Studies of Brown Rot in Spanish Cherry Orchards in the Jerte Valley.

Cherry brown rot caused by was observed and estimated in organic cherry orchard located in the Jerte Valley between 2013 and 2018 (Cáceres, Spain). Climatic variables were collected from this orchard and also from a nearby weather station. The primary inoculum of the pathogen recorded in March was detected in overwintered mummified fruits, ground mummies, and necrotic twigs and was a function of the average temperature of the previous three months (December, January, and February).

Effect of chemical alternatives to methyl bromide on soil-borne disease incidence and fungal populations in Spanish strawberry nurseries: A long-term study.

Background: Chloropicrin (PIC) mixtures of 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin (DD:PIC), dazomet, and metam sodium (MS) have been applied as chemical alternatives to methyl bromide (MB) in Spanish strawberry nurseries since MB was banned as a soil fumigant in 2005. These chemical alternatives were applied to soil in two Spanish strawberry nurseries between 2003 and 2017 to test their efficacy against the main crown and root disease and soil fungal populations in comparison with the use of MB and PIC (MB:PIC). These chemicals were applied at several doses with different application methods under plastic films.

Zika Virus infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome in Northeastern Mexico: A case-control study.

Background: Beginning August 2017, we conducted a prospective case-control investigation in Monterrey, Mexico to assess the association between Zika virus (ZIKV) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).

Methods: For each of 50 GBS case-patients, we enrolled 2-3 afebrile controls (141 controls in total) matched by sex, age group, and presentation to same hospital within 7 days.

Results: PCR results for ZIKV in blood and/or urine were available on all subjects; serum ZIKV IgM antibody for 52% of case-patients and 80% of controls.

Seroprevalence of spotted fever group rickettsiae in canines along the United States-Mexico border.

Portions of northern Mexico are experiencing a re-emergence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a tickborne disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a member of the spotted fever group of rickettsiae (SFGR). Infection with R. rickettsii can result in serious and life-threatening illness in people and dogs.

Altered nitrogen metabolism in biocontrol strains of Penicillium rubens.

The importance of the metabolic route of nitrogen in the fungus Penicillium rubens (strain PO212) is studied in relation to its biocontrol activity (BA). PO212 can resist a high concentration of chlorate anion and displays a classical nitrate-deficiency (nit-) phenotype resulting in poor colonial growth when nitrate is used as the main source of nitrogen. Analyses of genes implicated in nitrate assimilation evidenced the strong sequence conservation of PO212 and CH8 genome with penicillin producers such as reference strain P.

Genetic Diversity and Vegetative Compatibility of Species Complex of Strawberry in Spain.

is a soilborne fungus that is a pathogen to >100 plant species. It is the causal agent of crown and root rot in strawberry. We collected 100 isolates from diseased plants and soils from two distinct geographic areas of strawberry production in Spain: plant nurseries located in the north-central region of the country and fruit production fields located in the southwestern region.

Characterization of Populations Associated with Spanish Strawberry Crops.

is an emerging pathogen reported on Spanish strawberry crops both in nurseries and in fruit production fields, causing wilt and root rot. Pathogenicity, morphocultural characteristics, and sensitivity to biocides of 103 isolates recovered from symptomatic strawberry plants and soils from both Spanish strawberry areas were determined. The differences of isolates within and between nurseries and field crops in relation to these parameters were analyzed.

Transformation of 212 and Expression of GFP and DsRED Coding Genes for Visualization of Plant-Biocontrol Agent Interaction.

Strain 212 of (PO212) is an effective fungal biological control agent against a broad spectrum of diseases of horticultural plants. A pyrimidine auxotrophic isolate of PO212, PO21218.2, carrying an inactive gene, has been used as host for transformation by positive selection of vectors containing the gene complementing the mutation.

Exposure to Latent Tuberculosis Treatment during Pregnancy. The PREVENT TB and the iAdhere Trials.

Rationale: Data are limited regarding the safety of 12-dose once-weekly isoniazid (H, 900 mg) plus rifapentine (P, 900 mg) (3HP) for latent infection treatment during pregnancy.

Objectives: To assess safety and pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women who were inadvertently exposed to study medications in two latent tuberculosis infection trials (PREVENT TB or iAdhere) evaluating 3HP and 9 months of daily isoniazid (H, 300 mg) (9H).

Methods: Data from reproductive-age (15-51 yr) women who received one or more study dose of 3HP or 9H in either trial were analyzed.

Self-administered Versus Directly Observed Once-Weekly Isoniazid and Rifapentine Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Randomized Trial.

Background: Expanding latent tuberculosis treatment is important to decrease active disease globally. Once-weekly isoniazid and rifapentine for 12 doses is effective but limited by requiring direct observation.

Objective: To compare treatment completion and safety of once-weekly isoniazid and rifapentine by self-administration versus direct observation.

Boron Tolerance in Aspergillus nidulans Is Sustained by the SltA Pathway Through the SLC-Family Transporters SbtA and SbtB.

Microbial cells interact with the environment by adapting to external changes. Signal transduction pathways participate in both sensing and responding in the form of modification of gene expression patterns, enabling cell survival. The filamentous fungal-specific SltA pathway regulates tolerance to alkalinity, elevated cation concentrations and, as shown in this work, also stress conditions induced by borates.

Factors associated with non-completion of follow-up: 33-month latent tuberculous infection treatment trial.

Setting: A post-hoc exploratory analysis of a randomized, open-label clinical trial that enrolled 8053 participants from the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Spain.

Objective: To assess factors associated with non-completion of study follow-up (NCF) in a 33-month latent tuberculous infection treatment trial, PREVENT TB.

Design: Participants were randomized to receive 3 months of weekly directly observed therapy vs.

Three months of weekly rifapentine and isoniazid for treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in HIV-coinfected persons.

Objective: Compare the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of 3 months of weekly rifapentine and isoniazid under direct observation (3HP) versus 9 months of daily isoniazid (9H) in HIV-infected persons.

Design: Prospective, randomized, and open-label noninferiority trial.

Setting: The United States , Brazil, Spain, Peru, Canada, and Hong Kong.