Availability and Key Characteristics of National Early Warning Systems for Emerging Profiles of Antimicrobial Resistance in High-Income Countries: Systematic Review.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recently advocated an urgent need for implementing national surveillance systems for the timely detection and reporting of emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, public information on the existing national early warning systems (EWSs) is often incomplete, and a comprehensive overview on this topic is currently lacking.

Objective: This review aimed to map the availability of EWSs for emerging AMR in high-income countries and describe their main characteristics.

Decline in academic performance and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey among Sapienza University of Rome students.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to the education system, leading to changes in student academic performance and mental health. The aim of this study was to evaluate variables relating to changes in academic performance and mental health during the pandemic.

Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study from 28 February 2022 to 13 April 2022, during the free SARS-CoV-2 screening campaign offered by Sapienza University of Rome.

Prevalence and predictors of hand hygiene compliance in clinical, surgical and intensive care unit wards: results of a second cross-sectional study at the Umberto I teaching hospital of Rome.

Introduction: Hand hygiene is the most cost-effective procedure for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections, but healthcare worker compliance is often insufficient.

Research Design: The objective of this second cross-sectional study was to quantify hand hygiene compliance among the healthcare workers of a large teaching hospital, to explore associated factors and to compare results to those of the 2021 study.

Methods: In 2022, educational sessions were conducted within each hospital department during which hospital healthcare workers received tailored feedback on the hand hygiene compliance registered in the previous year.

Keeping university open did not increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition: A test negative case-control study among students.

Background: During the SARS-CoV-2 testing program offered through the RT-PCR test by Sapienza University of Rome, we conducted a test-negative case-control study to identify risk factors for acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection among university students.

Methods: Each SARS-CoV-2-positive case detected was matched to two controls randomly selected from students who tested negative on the same day. 122 positive students and 244 negative students were enrolled in the study.

Public health genomics research in Italy: an overview of ongoing projects.

Public health genomics (PHG) aims to integrate advances in genomic sciences into healthcare for the benefit of the general population. As in many countries, there are various research initiatives in this field in Italy, but a clear picture of the national research portfolio has never been sketched. Thus, we aimed to provide an overview of current PHG research projects at the national or international level by consultation with Italian institutional and academic experts.

Fast-track anesthesia and outcomes in hepatopancreatic cancer surgery: a retrospective analysis.

Aim: To assess the feasibility of a fast-track anesthesia protocol for hepatopancreatobiliary cancer surgery.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of consecutive sample of patients who underwent hepatopancreatic surgery for cancer for a period of 12 months in a high volume cancer center. Blended anesthesia was performed for most patients who were then observed in a recovery room area until achieving a safety score.

How well does vaccine literacy predict intention to vaccinate and vaccination status? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This review quantified the association of vaccine literacy (VL) and vaccination intention and status. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Any study, published until December 2022, that investigated the associations of interest were eligible.

Impact of antibiotic exposure on antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolation in intensive care unit patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) poses a significant threat to critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Although an association between antibiotic exposure and resistant AB is reported in the literature, a synthesis of evidence in ICU patients is still lacking.

Aim: To summarize the evidence on the association between prior antibiotic exposure and the occurrence of resistant AB in ICU patients.

The Sapienza University of Rome network of automated external defibrillators: a prototype webMap developed to speed access to community defibrillators and increase survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Objective: In Italy, only around 10% of people who experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survive. A large portion of OHCA events in public settings are characterized by an initial shockable rhythm, which requires prompt defibrillation. We aimed to create a system to quickly locate nearby public access automated external defibrillators (AEDs) on the campus of Sapienza University of Rome, the largest public university in Europe.

Reduced Reliability of Procalcitonin (PCT) as a Biomarker of Bacterial Superinfection: Concerns about PCT-Driven Antibiotic Stewardship in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients-Results from a Retrospective Observational Study in Intensive Care Units.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess whether procalcitonin levels is a diagnostic tool capable of accurately identifying sepsis and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) even in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Methods: In this retrospective, observational study, all critically ill COVID-19 patients who survived for ≥2 days in a single university hospital and had at least one serum procalcitonin (PCT) value and associated blood culture and/or culture from a lower respiratory tract specimen available were eligible for the study.

Results: Over the research period, 184 patients were recruited; 67 VAP/BSI occurred, with an incidence rate of 21.

Psychometric testing of the nurses professional values scale-revised on family and community health nurses.

Background: Family and Community Health Nurses (FCHNs) are at a higher risk of experiencing emotional exhaustion and feelings of low personal accomplishment. Higher levels of professional identity may decrease these negative feelings. Its measurement could produce positive effects for FCHNs and the quality of care they offer.

Who chooses alternative sources of information about childhood vaccinations? A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Vaccine hesitancy can lead to problematic outcomes in terms of public health. A factor playing a fundamental role in this dynamic is the source of information considered by parents in the decision-making progress that leads to the acceptance or refusal of childhood vaccinations. This study aims to investigate the sources of information considered by the parents of children attending primary and secondary schools in two large Italian cities and to identify predictors that led to choosing alternative sources of information.

Adherence to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Recommendations among Patients with Substance Use Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rome, Italy.

Adherence to vaccination recommendations is a challenge for national immunization programs. We quantified adherence to COVID-19 vaccination recommendations in people with substance use disorders (SUDs) attending an outpatient addiction center in Rome, Italy; we investigated the determinants of adherence, and also analyzed patient risk perception and compliance with preventive measures. A multivariable logistic regression model identified predictors of adherence to vaccination recommendations, with statistical validity tested by estimating adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

State of the Art on Family and Community Health Nursing International Theories, Models and Frameworks: A Scoping Review.

A Family and Community Health Nursing (FCHN) model was first conceptualized by the WHO approximately 25 years ago in response to the epidemiological transition leading to major changes in the population health needs. To date, no study has comprehensively explored the adherence of current applications of FCHN to the WHO original framework. We carried out a scoping review on PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL with the aim to compare the main features of FCHN models developed at the international level with the WHO's framework.

Compliance with hand-hygiene guidelines among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study at the Umberto I teaching hospital of Rome, Italy.

Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections are often associated with poor hand hygiene (HH) by healthcare workers (HCWs). The objective of this cross-sectional study at the Umberto I teaching hospital in Rome was to quantify compliance with HH by direct observation following a multimodal strategy devised by the World Health Organisation and to map critical areas for improvement.

Methods: Predictors of HH compliance were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.

A predictive decision support system for coronavirus disease 2019 response management and medical logistic planning.

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 demonstrated the inconsistencies in adequately responding to biological threats on a global scale due to a lack of powerful tools for assessing various factors in the formation of the epidemic situation and its forecasting. Decision support systems have a role in overcoming the challenges in health monitoring systems in light of current or future epidemic outbreaks. This paper focuses on some applied examples of logistic planning, a key service of the Earth Cognitive System for Coronavirus Disease 2019 project, here presented, evidencing the added value of artificial intelligence algorithms towards predictive hypotheses in tackling health emergencies.

Understanding the Non-Equivalency of Bio-Fluorescent Particle Counts versus the Colony-Forming Unit.

Adopting emerging microbiological methods is often desirable because it enables more advantageous, real-time monitoring practices. However, when the newer method measures contamination based on a different detection principle and provides results that are based on different units of measure, a paradigm shift is necessary. That shift can be one of the most difficult challenges in any such project and requires careful consideration.

Attitudes of University Students towards Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccination Policies: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Rome, Italy.

Mandatory vaccination (MV) against COVID-19 is a contentious topic. In this study, we used logistic regression models to identify attitudes among Sapienza University students towards MV for COVID-19. We considered three different scenarios: mandatory COVID-19 vaccination (MCV) for healthcare workers (HCWs) (Model 1), for all people aged ≥ 12 years (Model 2), and for admission to schools and universities (Model 3).

Incidence of Healthcare-Associated Infections in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Four-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic may have had an impact on healthcare-associated infection (HAI) rates. In this study, we analyzed the occurrence of HAIs in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Umberto I teaching hospital in Rome before and during the pandemic. All infants admitted from 1 March 2018 to 28 February 2022 were included and were divided into four groups according to their admission date: two groups before the pandemic (periods I and II) and two during the pandemic (periods III and IV).

Conservative oxygen supplementation during helmet continuous positive airway pressure therapy in patients with COVID-19 and respiratory failure: a pilot study.

Background: Respiratory failure is a severe complication in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia that, in addition to oxygen therapy, may require continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) support. It has been postulated that COVID-19 lung injury may share some features with those observed in hyperoxic acute lung injury. Thus, a correct target arterial oxygen tension ( ) during oxygen supplementation may be crucial to protect the lung from further tissue damage.

The other side of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study on mental health in a sample of Italian nurses during the second wave.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a drastic increase in the workload of healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, with serious consequences for their psychological well-being. Our study aimed to identify demographic and work-related factors, as well as clinical predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), in nurses employed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study between December 2020 and April 2021 on nurses employed during the COVID-19 second wave (October - December 2020).