Ultrasound clinical references of the healthy toenail unit.

The toenail unit, commonly called the nail, is one of the most frequently examined and treated structures in clinical podiatry. Ultrasound is a standard clinical technique because it is a noninvasive, painless, and rapid diagnostic tool. The main objective of this study was to obtain morphometric data of the healthy toenail unit by ultrasound for clinical application.

Quality of Life, Pedobarographic Parameters, and Foot Disorders in Patients with Extreme Obesity: Preliminary Results on Changes After Bariatric Surgery with Gastric Bypass.

Purpose: Obesity is a growing health problem that affects a high percentage of the population. In podiatry context, few studies have addressed obesity because most pedobarographic systems are unable to bear the weight of patients with obesity, making it difficult to examine and manage these patients. The objective of this study was analyzed the sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life, foot disorders, and pedobarographic parameters of patients with extreme obesity who are candidates for bariatric surgery and determine the changes after weight loss post-surgery.

Evaluation of Thermography as a Diagnostic Technique in Asymptomatic or Incipient Onychomycosis.

Onychomycosis is usually diagnosed symptomatically due to the very clear signs caused by the fungus on the nail surface and structure, although the growth of the infecting agent must also be verified by culture in an enriched medium. This procedure is normally lengthy (four weeks), and samples can be contaminated, delaying the prescription of appropriate and effective treatment. Only one previous study has addressed the possibility of using thermography as a diagnostic method for onychomycosis in older people (31-70 years).

Meta-analysis of the antifungal activities of three essential oils as alternative therapies in dermatophytosis infections.

Aims: This work examines the available scientific evidence about the efficiency of essential oils (EO) as an alternative therapy to traditional treatment of fungal infections, including onychomycosis, assessing the effect of the three EO most frequently studied for their antifungal activity (thyme, cinnamon and tea tree EO) against three causative agents of fungal diseases in humans: Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex and Candida albicans.

Methods And Results: The PRISMA statement protocol was followed to conduct a bibliographical search and 54 articles that met all the inclusion criteria were retrieved. Differences were observed in the MIC and MFC values depending on the micro-organism strain and the EO used.

Differences in Hygiene Habits among Children Aged 8 to 11 Years by Type of Schooling.

Personal hygiene is one of the basic activities in the care of our body. Parents are responsible for their children's hygiene to prevent infections and keep them healthy. However, children must acquire hygiene habits correctly and independently.

Primary Cilium in the Human Thyrocyte: Changes in Frequency and Length in Relation to the Functional Pathology of the Thyroid Gland.

Background: Primary cilia (PC) are conserved structures in the adult thyroid gland of different mammals. It was recently described that in humans, PC are usually present as a single copy per follicular cell emerging from the follicular cell apex into the follicular lumen.

Methods: To understand the role developed by PC in thyroid hormonogenesis better, their changes in different human functional thyroid diseases (diffuse toxic hyperplasia/Graves' disease [GD] and nodular hyperplasia [NH]/nodular goiter), in comparison to normal thyroid tissue, were investigated using immunofluorescence, morphometry, and electron microscopy analyses.

Tumor microenvironment and immune effects of antineoplastic therapy in lymphoproliferative syndromes.

Lymphomas represent a wide group of heterogenic diseases with different biological and clinical behavior. The underlying microenvironment-specific composition seems to play an essential role in this scenario, harboring the ability to develop successful immune responses or, on the contrary, leading to immune evasion and even promotion of tumor growth. Depending on surrounding lymphoid infiltrates, lymphomas may have different prognosis.

Immunohistochemical organization patterns of the follicular dendritic cells, myofibroblasts and macrophages in the human spleen--new considerations on the pathological diagnosis of splenectomy pieces.

There is reliable information about how changes in spleen histology are influenced by the relationship among B and T lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and myofibroblasts. Moreover, if it can be applied in the day-by-day pathology laboratory. This work intends to elucidate morpho-functional aspects of relationships of these cells in the different spleen compartments, how they are influenced by pathological conditions and how basic immunohistochemical techniques could optimize the histopathological diagnosis.

Biliary tract disease: a rare manifestation of eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a rare inflammatory disease characterized by diffuse or scattered eosinophilic infiltration of the digestive tract and usually by peripheral blood eosinophilia. The most common presenting symptoms of EGE are abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea, but clinical features depend on which layers or location of gastrointestinal tract are involved. Treatment with corticosteroids results in clinical and histological remission in most patients and surgery can be avoided if a correct diagnosis is made.

Decreased expression of calcium receptor in parathyroid tissue in patients with hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure.

The response of parathyroid cells to serum calcium is regulated by a calcium-sensing receptor protein (CaR). In patients with chronic renal failure, hypocalcemia contributes to the parathyroid hyperplasia and increased parathyroid hormone secretion characteristic of secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT). However, patients with uremia also display reduced sensitivity to extracellular calcium; this seems to be owing to an alteration of the receptor mechanism.

Hyalinizing trabecular carcinoma of the thyroid gland: report of two cases of follicular cell thyroid carcinoma with hyalinizing trabecular pattern.

Recently tumors have been reported that have an architectural pattern and cellularity similar to hyalinizing trabecular adenoma and show either parafollicular differentiation or histological findings suggestive of malignant neoplasm of the follicular cells. This study describes two cases of thyroid carcinoma of follicular cells that displayed a hylinizing trabecular pattern. The first case was a 25-year-old euthyroid woman with a cold thyroid nodule in the right lobe.

Mandibular lymphomas with sclerosis.

Two cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that show a sarcomatoid pattern within the jaw are described. Their primary origin in bone was demonstrated by radiologic studies. In one case, diagnosis was delayed because the clinical picture suggested inflammatory periodontal disease.

Value of ploidy pattern and nuclear texture in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism.

Objective: To determine if there are subvisual differences (quantitation of DNA and study of chromatin texture) that distinguish single-gland parathyroid disease (adenoma) from multiple-gland disease (hyperplasia).

Study Design: Forty-eight parathyroid glands from 41 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were studied. Cytometric differences between the chief cells and clear cells were sought.

Papillary cystic neoplasm of the pancreas with liver metastasis coexisting with thyroid papillary carcinoma.

Background: Papillary cystic neoplasm of the pancreas is an uncommon neoplasm that usually appears to be benign or to have a very low potential for metastasis. We report a case of a patient with papillary and cystic neoplasm of the pancreas, which metastasized to the liver and concomitantly presented a stage I thyroid papillary carcinoma.

Case Description: The patient was a 38-year-old woman with a 12-year history of abdominal pain.