Impact of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy on the Pressure of the Airway System in Humans.

Background: The understanding of how pharyngeal pressure is transmitted to the trachea with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) implementation and the behavior of tracheal pressure in the presence of mouth leaks remains limited. This study aimed to assess the impact of HFNC administration on tracheal pressure by comparing measurements taken with open and closed mouth with varying flows.

Methods: A crossover study was conducted between March 2019 and June 2023.

Metabolic and productive adaptive response of beef cows to successive short-nutritional challenges.

This study aimed to analyze the response of lactating beef cows to repeated short nutritional challenges with their performance parameters and plasma metabolites. Multiparous lactating beef cows were subjected to three repeated nutritional challenges in the fourth month of lactation. Each challenge consisted of a 4-d feed restriction (55% of their average energy and protein requirements), followed by a 3-d refeeding period (100% requirements).

Identifying Links Between Productivity and Biobehavioral Rhythms Modeled From Multimodal Sensor Streams: Exploratory Quantitative Study.

Background: Biobehavioral rhythms are biological, behavioral, and psychosocial processes with repeating cycles. Abnormal rhythms have been linked to various health issues, such as sleep disorders, obesity, and depression.

Objective: This study aims to identify links between productivity and biobehavioral rhythms modeled from passively collected mobile data streams.

College students' daily mind wandering is related to lower social well-being.

This study sought to examine how daily mind wandering is related to loneliness, felt connection to others, and school belonging among college students. Three samples ( = 209,  = 173, and  = 266) from two US campuses were recruited. Data were collected ecological momentary assessment over the course of two academic quarters in one sample and an academic semester in two samples.

Mortalidad, Secuelas Clínicas y Calidad de Vida Luego del Alta de Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos en Pacientes con COVID-19: Estudio Multicéntrico Descriptivo en Argentina.

Objective: Patients with COVID-19 who require hospitalization in an intensive care unit, in addition to being at risk of presenting premature death, have higher rates of complications. This study aimed to describe mortality, rehospitalizations, quality of life, and symptoms related to postintensive care syndrome (PICS) and prolonged COVID-19 in patients with COVID-19 discharged from the intensive care unit in hospitals in Argentina.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 4 centers in the Autonomous City and province of Buenos Aires as of December 2022.

Epidemiology of Tracheostomized Adult Patients Admitted to Specialized Weaning Centers After Acute COVID-19.

Background: Epidemiological data on patients with COVID-19 referred to specialized weaning centers (SWCs) are sparse, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Our aim was to describe clinical features, epidemiology, and outcomes of subjects admitted to SWCs in Argentina.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, multi-center, observational study between July 2020-December 2021 in 12 SWCs.

Prorelaxant E-type Prostanoid Receptors Functionally Partition to Different Procontractile Receptors in Airway Smooth Muscle.

Prostaglandin E2 imparts diverse physiological effects on multiple airway cells through its actions on four distinct E-type prostanoid (EP) receptor subtypes (EP1-EP4). Gs-coupled EP2 and EP4 receptors are expressed on airway smooth muscle (ASM), yet their capacity to regulate the ASM contractile state remains subject to debate. We used EP2 and EP4 subtype-specific agonists (ONO-259 and ONO-329, respectively) in cell- and tissue-based models of human ASM contraction-magnetic twisting cytometry (MTC), and precision-cut lung slices (PCLSs), respectively-to study the EP2 and EP4 regulation of ASM contraction and signaling under conditions of histamine or methacholine (MCh) stimulation.

Nightly sleep duration predicts grade point average in the first year of college.

Academic achievement in the first year of college is critical for setting students on a pathway toward long-term academic and life success, yet little is known about the factors that shape early college academic achievement. Given the important role sleep plays in learning and memory, here we extend this work to evaluate whether nightly sleep duration predicts change in end-of-semester grade point average (GPA). First-year college students from three independent universities provided sleep actigraphy for a month early in their winter/spring academic term across five studies.

Strategies to achieve adherence to prone positioning in awake COVID-19 patients with high-flow nasal oxygen. A case series.

Introduction: The use of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) is a simple method that can reduce intubation in patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (ARF). Early and prolonged prone position has demonstrated benefits on mortality in mechanically ventilated patients and on intubation in awake patients with ARF. However, strategies to achieve adherence to awake prone positioning (APP) have not been previously described.

First Steps into Ruminal Microbiota Robustness.

Despite its central role in ruminant nutrition, little is known about ruminal microbiota robustness, which is understood as the ability of the microbiota to cope with disturbances. The aim of the present review is to offer a comprehensive description of microbial robustness, as well as its potential drivers, with special focus on ruminal microbiota. First, we provide a briefing on the current knowledge about ruminal microbiota.

Targeted Inhibition of Select Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinases 1 and 2 Functions Mitigates Pathological Features of Asthma in Mice.

ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2) regulate the activity of various transcription factors that contribute to asthma pathogenesis. Although an attractive drug target, broadly inhibiting ERK1/2 is challenging because of unwanted cellular toxicities. We have identified small molecule inhibitors with a benzenesulfonate scaffold that selectively inhibit ERK1/2-mediated activation of AP-1 (activator protein-1).

Modelling beef cows' individual response to short nutrient restriction in different lactation stages.

Short-term nutrient restrictions can occur naturally in extensive beef cattle production systems due to low feed quality or availability. The aims of the study were to (1) model the curves of milk yield, plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) contents of beef cows in response to short nutritional challenges throughout lactation; (2) identify clusters of cows with different response profiles; (3) quantify differences in cows' response between the clusters and lactation stages. Data of BW, body condition score (BCS), milk yield, NEFA, and BHB plasma concentration from 31 adult beef cows (626 ± 48 kg at calving) were used to study the effect of 4-day feed restriction repeated over months 2, 3 and 4 of lactation.

Performance of Invasive Mode in Different Heated Humidification Systems With High-Flow Nasal Cannula.

Background: Oxygen therapy via high-flow nasal cannula generates physiologic changes that impact ventilatory variables of patients. However, we know that there are detrimental effects on airway mucosa related to inhalation of gases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance in terms of absolute humidity, relative humidity, and temperature of different brands of heated humidifiers and circuits in the invasive mode during the use of high-flow oxygen therapy in flows between 30 and 100 L/min.

Locally Grown Crops and Immunocastration in Fattening Heavy Pigs: Effects on Performance and Welfare.

This study aimed to explore dietary replacement soybean meal (SBM) with local pea seeds (PS-L) and the effects of surgically castrated (CM) or immunocastration (IM) in heavy male pigs, on growth performance, feeding behaviour, and tail and ear lesions. Four treatments were arranged factorially (2 × 2), with two sexes and two dietary treatments (96 pigs in eight pens). The inclusion of PS-L was 25%, 30%, and 40% during three phases (40−80 kg, 80−110 kg, and 110−140 kg, respectively).

Lack of Belonging Predicts Depressive Symptomatology in College Students.

Feeling a sense of belonging is a central human motivation that has consequences for mental health and well-being, yet surprisingly little research has examined how belonging shapes mental health among young adults. In three data sets from two universities (exploratory study: = 157; Confirmatory Study 1: = 121; Confirmatory Study 2: = 188 in winter term, = 172 in spring term), we found that lower levels of daily-assessed feelings of belonging early and across the academic term predicted higher depressive symptoms at the end of the term. Furthermore, these relationships held when models controlled for baseline depressive symptoms, sense of social fit, and other social factors (loneliness and frequency of social interactions).

[Predictors of weaning and mortality in prolonged mechanical ventilation – surviving survival].

Objetive: to describe a sample of tracheostomized patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation who were admitted to a weaning center, to analyze their evolution and to determine the predictors of weaning failure from mechanical ventilation and of mortality. Design:

Design: an observational and retrospective cohort study was carried out, in the period between January 2005 and December 2017. Setting: weaning and rehabilitation center.

Characteristics of Post-ICU and Post-COVID Recovery Clinics in 29 U.S. Health Systems.

Unlabelled: The multifaceted long-term impairments resulting from critical illness and COVID-19 require interdisciplinary management approaches in the recovery phase of illness. Operational insights into the structure and process of recovery clinics (RCs) from heterogeneous health systems are needed. This study describes the structure and process characteristics of existing and newly implemented ICU-RCs and COVID-RCs in a subset of large health systems in the United States.

OGR1-dependent regulation of the allergen-induced asthma phenotype.

The proton-sensing receptor, ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor (OGR1), has been shown to be expressed in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and is capable of promoting ASM contraction in response to decreased extracellular pH. OGR1 knockout (OGR1KO) mice are reported to be resistant to the asthma features induced by inhaled allergen. We recently described certain benzodiazepines as OGR1 activators capable of mediating both procontractile and prorelaxant signaling in ASM cells.

Minimum Effects of Sampling Time on the Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients and Blood Protein Catabolites in Light Lambs.

This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of sampling time on organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and phosphorous (P) apparent digestibility and plasma urea and creatinine concentration in growing and finishing male Ripollesa lambs fed different CP concentrations in the diet. Twenty-four male Ripollesa lambs with 14.5 kg body weight (BW) were randomly assigned to two groups differing in CP content in the growing (14 to 19 kg of BW) and finishing (19 to 25 kg of BW) phases (20% vs.

Cutaneous myiasis in skin cancer and malignant wounds: a systematic review.

Background: Cutaneous myiasis in patients with malignant wounds or skin cancer is a rare and undesirable event with limited epidemiological data. A subregister of reports, lack of education in the population, inadequate empirical treatments, and medical underestimation are components of a public health problem that threatens patients' lives.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature of cutaneous myiasis associated with malignant wounds and skin cancer, characterizing sociodemographic variables, risk factors, clinical and histological features, and treatment.

Cooperativity between β-agonists and c-Abl inhibitors in regulating airway smooth muscle relaxation.

Current therapeutic approaches to avoid or reverse bronchoconstriction rely primarily on β2 adrenoceptor agonists (β-agonists) that regulate pharmacomechanical coupling/cross bridge cycling in airway smooth muscle (ASM). Targeting actin cytoskeleton polymerization in ASM represents an alternative means to regulate ASM contraction. Herein we report the cooperative effects of targeting these distinct pathways with β-agonists and inhibitors of the mammalian Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl1 or c-Abl).

Study of nitrogen fluxes across conventional solid floor cubicle and compost-bedded pack housing systems in dairy cattle barns located in the Mediterranean area: Effects of seasonal variation.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of housing system (or manure management system) and season on manure N recovery and volatilization using an N mass balance. Dietary, milk, and manure N were monitored together with outside temperatures in 6 dairy barns. Three barns were designed as conventional freestalls (cubicle, CUB) with an automatic manure scraper system and concrete floor, in which the gutter in the middle was continuously scraped (every 2-4 h) and the slurry was conveyed toward an open-air concrete pool.

Performance of Different Active Humidification Systems in High-Flow Oxygen Therapy.

Background: We sought to evaluate the performance in terms of absolute humidity (AH), relative humidity (RH), and temperature of different heated humidifiers (HH) and circuits that are commonly used to deliver high-flow oxygen therapy in conventional ranges (30-60 L/min) and unconventional ranges (70-100 L/min).

Methods: In this prospective, observational study, an electronic thermohygrometer was used to obtain the required measurements. A mechanical ventilator was used as a source for high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy.

Effect of Dietary Crude Protein on Productive Efficiency, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Metabolites and Gastrointestinal Immune Markers in Light Lambs.

This study hypothesized that reducing the level of crude protein (CP) in lambs' feed may improve nutrient utilization and did not negatively affect their productive efficiency, blood metabolites, oxidative status (OS) or intestinal immune barrier function. A total of 120 weaned male Ripollesa lambs (45-60 days old and 15.0 ± 1.

Maternal nutrient restriction in early pregnancy increases the risk of late embryo loss despite no effects on peri-implantation interferon-stimulated genes in suckler beef cattle.

Reducing feeding costs in suckler beef herds to improve economic returns could have detrimental impacts on fertility. This study sought to determine whether maternal nutrient restriction during early pregnancy affects interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the peri-implantation period in two beef cattle breeds. Relationships were also examined between subnutrition and pregnancy failure defined according to ISG fold changes on Days 18 and 21 and to plasma pregnancy specific protein B (PSPB) concentrations on Day 28 post-artificial insemination (AI).