Geographic and Demographic Disparity in Firearm Injury: A 33-Year Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Florida Communities.

Background: Firearm violence in America has been declared a public health crisis. This study investigates variation in firearm injuries by county-level characteristics and intent of firearm use.

Study Design: The open-access FLHealthCHARTS was searched for firearm injuries from 1989-2022.

Transorbital laser surgery for epilepsy: Anatomic-radiological feasibility of transorbital magnetic resonance imaging-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRIgLITT) for amygdalohippocampectomy in refractory epilepsy.

Objective: to study the anatomical feasibility of laser fiber insertion for interstitial thermal therapy via transorbital approach to the temporo-mesial structures (amygdala-hippocampus-parahippocampus complex).

Methods: Anatomical dissections were performed bilaterally on two human cadaveric heads via a transorbital approach, in which screws and laser fibers were used for magnetic resonance imaging-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRIgLITT) assisted by neuronavigation. In addition, eight transorbital trajectories were simulated using the transorbital entry points obtained from a cadaveric radiological study of four patients previously operated on for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Evaluation of the Adriatic Sea pollution using mesozooplankton as an environmental indicator.

The Adriatic Sea is an enclosed basin threatened by marine pollution due to its hydrographic features and anthropogenic pressure. Although zooplankton has been worldwide regarded as an immediate warning signal of contamination, limited information is available on the contamination of these organisms at the Adriatic level. Hence, this study provides comprehensive data on the presence and levels of multiple pollutants in zooplankton collected from 46 locations.

Mechanical and morphological characterization of the emphysematous lung tissue.

Irreversible alveolar airspace enlargement is the main characteristic of pulmonary emphysema, which has been extensively studied using animal models. While the alterations in lung mechanics associated with these morphological changes have been documented in the literature, the study of the mechanical behavior of parenchymal tissue from emphysematous lungs has been poorly investigated. In this work, we characterize the mechanical and morphological properties of lung tissue in elastase-induced emphysema rat models under varying severity conditions.

Determination of carbamazepine in fingerprints: a feasibility study to evaluate adherence in epilepsy patients.

Fingerprint drug concentrations can be used as a noninvasive and convenient alternative to evaluate adherence to pharmacotherapy. Fingerprints were applied over glass slides, extracted and analyzed by ultra-high performance LC-MS/MS. The assay and drug adherence questionnaires were applied to 30 epilepsy patients.

Zooplankton as an indicator of the status of contamination of the Mediterranean Sea and temporal trends.

Zooplankton has been intensively used as bioindicators of water pollution at global level, however, only few comprehensive studies have been conducted from the Mediterranean Sea and manly dated back to the 1970s. To redress the urgent need for updated data, this study provides information on the presence and levels of contaminants in zooplankton from the Tyrrhenian Sea. Although banned, both PCBs (46.

Repeated episodes of postictal hypoxia are a mechanism for interictal cognitive impairments.

Comorbidities during the period between seizures present a significant challenge for individuals with epilepsy. Despite their clinical relevance, the pathophysiology of the interictal symptomatology is largely unknown. Postictal severe hypoxia (PIH) in those brain regions participating in the seizure has been indicated as a mechanism underlying several negative postictal manifestations.

Postictal hypoxia involves reactive oxygen species and is ameliorated by chronic mitochondrial uncoupling.

Prolonged severe hypoxia follows brief seizures and represents a mechanism underlying several negative postictal manifestations without interventions. Approximately 50% of the postictal hypoxia phenomenon can be accounted for by arteriole vasoconstriction. What accounts for the rest of the drop in unbound oxygen is unclear.

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is prevented by blocking postictal hypoxia.

Epilepsy is at times a fatal disease. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of epilepsy-related mortality in people with intractable epilepsy and is defined by exclusion; non-accidental, non-toxicologic, and non-anatomic causes of death. While SUDEP often follows a bilateral tonic-clonic seizure, the mechanisms that ultimately lead to terminal apnea and then asystole remain elusive and there is a lack of preventative treatments.

Naphthoquinones Oxidize HS to Polysulfides and Thiosulfate, Implications for Therapeutic Applications.

1,4-Napththoquinones (NQs) are clinically relevant therapeutics that affect cell function through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and formation of adducts with regulatory protein thiols. Reactive sulfur species (RSS) are chemically and biologically similar to ROS and here we examine RSS production by NQ oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) using RSS-specific fluorophores, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, UV-Vis absorption spectrometry, oxygen-sensitive optodes, thiosulfate-specific nanoparticles, HPLC-monobromobimane derivatization, and ion chromatographic assays. We show that NQs, catalytically oxidize H2S to per- and polysulfides (H2Sn, n = 2−6), thiosulfate, sulfite and sulfate in reactions that consume oxygen and are accelerated by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and inhibited by catalase.

Toward Integration of Life Course Intervention and Youth Participatory Action Research.

We provide an overview of diverse forms of youth participation, with a focus on youth participatory action research (YPAR) and its synergies with life course intervention research to promote healthier development for young people and across the life span. We analyze why YPAR matters for research, practice, and policies related to the systems and settings in which young people develop. We also illustrate how young people perform YPAR work to improve the developmental responsiveness and equity of school and health systems, including descriptions of an innovative youth-led health center in Rwanda and a long-standing and evolving integration of YPAR into public high schools in the United States.

Prognostic value of patient-reported outcome measures in adult heart-transplant patients: a systematic review.

Background: The aim of this systematic review was to describe the prognostic value of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in adult heart-transplant (HT) patients.

Methods: A systematic search was performed on Ovid Medline, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The study protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42021225398), and the last search was performed on January 7, 2021.

Characterization of Speech and Language Phenotype in GLUT1DS.

Background: To analyze the oral motor, speech and language phenotype in a sample of pediatric patients with GLUT 1 transporter deficiency syndrome (GLUT1DS).

Methods: eight Italian-speaking children with GLUT1DS (aged 4.6-15.

The ketogenic diet raises brain oxygen levels, attenuates postictal hypoxia, and protects against learning impairments.

Objectives: A prolonged vasoconstriction/hypoperfusion/hypoxic event follows self-terminating focal seizures. The ketogenic diet (KD) has demonstrated efficacy as a metabolic treatment for intractable epilepsy and other disorders but its effect on local brain oxygen levels is completely unknown. This study investigated the effects of the KD on tissue oxygenation in the hippocampus before and after electrically elicited (kindled) seizures and whether it could protect against a seizure-induced learning impairment.

'Antioxidant' berries, anthocyanins, resveratrol and rosmarinic acid oxidize hydrogen sulfide to polysulfides and thiosulfate: A novel mechanism underlying their biological actions.

Nutraceutical polyphenol catechins in green tea oxidize HS to polysulfides (PS) in buffer and in cells thereby conveying their cytoprotective effects. Here we measure HS oxidation in buffer and HEK293 cells by over-the-counter nutraceuticals, blueberry, bilberry and cranberry, and by polyphenols, cyanadin (Cya), quercetin (Que), rosmarinic acid (RA) and resveratrol (Res). HS and PS were measured with specific fluorophores, AzMc and SSP4 respectively, and thiosulfate (TS) production was measured in buffer using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

Green tea polyphenolic antioxidants oxidize hydrogen sulfide to thiosulfate and polysulfides: A possible new mechanism underpinning their biological action.

Matcha and green tea catechins such as (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have long been studied for their antioxidant and health-promoting effects. Using specific fluorophores for HS (AzMC) and polysulfides (SSP4) as well as IC-MS and UPLC-MS/MS-based techniques we here show that popular Japanese and Chinese green teas and select catechins all catalytically oxidize hydrogen sulfide (HS) to polysulfides with the potency of EGC > EGCG >> EG. This reaction is accompanied by the formation of sulfite, thiosulfate and sulfate, consumes oxygen and is partially inhibited by the superoxide scavenger, tempol, and superoxide dismutase but not mannitol, trolox, DMPO, or the iron chelator, desferrioxamine.

Biased-corrected richness estimates for the Amazonian tree flora.

Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, but the estimated species richness is very much debated. Here, we apply an ensemble of parametric estimators and a novel technique that includes conspecific spatial aggregation to an extended database of forest plots with up-to-date taxonomy. We show that the species abundance distribution of Amazonia is best approximated by a logseries with aggregated individuals, where aggregation increases with rarity.

Aberrant Mitochondrial Morphology and Function in the BTBR Mouse Model of Autism Is Improved by Two Weeks of Ketogenic Diet.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that exhibits a common set of behavioral and cognitive impairments. Although the etiology of ASD remains unclear, mitochondrial dysfunction has recently emerged as a possible causative factor underlying ASD. The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that augments mitochondrial function, and has been shown to reduce autistic behaviors in both humans and in rodent models of ASD.

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions.

Targeting oxidative stress improves disease outcomes in a rat model of acquired epilepsy.

Epilepsy therapy is based on antiseizure drugs that treat the symptom, seizures, rather than the disease and are ineffective in up to 30% of patients. There are no treatments for modifying the disease-preventing seizure onset, reducing severity or improving prognosis. Among the potential molecular targets for attaining these unmet therapeutic needs, we focused on oxidative stress since it is a pathophysiological process commonly occurring in experimental epileptogenesis and observed in human epilepsy.

Clinical and immunological profile of children aged 5-9 years with persistent egg allergy before oral immunotherapy with egg. A multicenter, randomized controlled trial of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology (SEICAP).

Background: In children with egg protein allergy (EA), the probability of overcoming the allergy decreases with age, and the possibility of suffering severe adverse reactions as a consequence of dietetic transgressions results in worsened quality of life. One treatment option in such cases is oral immunotherapy (OIT) with foods.

Methods: We present a cohort of children with EA scheduled for OIT with pasteurized raw egg white, describing their clinical and allergic characteristics before the start of OIT.

Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase terminates diazepam-resistant status epilepticus in mice and its effects are potentiated by a ketogenic diet.

Objective: Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening and commonly drug-refractory condition. Novel therapies are needed to rapidly terminate seizures to prevent mortality and morbidity. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the key enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and a major contributor to the brain pool of arachidonic acid (AA).

Evaluation of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a tertiary-level reference hospital in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Introduction: The rapid global spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a threat to the health system.

Methods: We evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 70 CRE isolated in a tertiary hospital in Brazil between August and December 2015, and determined their resistance mechanisms.

Results: The most prevalent microorganism was Klebsiella pneumoniae (95.