Microsporidial stromal keratitis: treatment outcomes, clinical manifestations, confocal microscopy and histopathology findings: a retrospective observational study.

Objective: Microsporidial stromal keratitis (MSK) is an uncommon disease. Only several case series have been reported. We aimed to describe the clinical manifestations, histopathology and treatment outcomes of MSK.

The antibiotic resistance profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Asia Cornea Society Infectious Keratitis Study.

Purpose: To describe the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the Asia Cornea Society Infectious Keratitis Study (ACSIKS).

Methods: All bacterial isolates from ACSIKS underwent repeat microbiological identification in a central repository in Singapore. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination was conducted for isolates of P.

Factors predicting the visual outcome of intracorneal ring segment for keratoconus.

Objectives: To identify predictive factors and to construct predictive models using epidemiological and clinical preoperative factors for the visual acuity change after intracorneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation in patients with keratoconus.

Methods: The medical records of 287 keratoconic eyes of 230 patients implanted with ICRS at Chula Refractive Surgery Center of a tertiary university hospital (Bangkok, Thailand) between January 2012 and March 2022 were retrospectively reviewed for epidemiological and clinical preoperative variables, including those derived from Scheimpflug tomography. After randomly excluding one eye for each bilateral case, the remaining 230 eyes were randomized into two groups: a training group (184 eyes) and a validation group (46 eyes).

Correlations between histopathologic findings, serum biomarker levels, and clinical outcomes in Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN).

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe dermatological emergencies. The role of cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis, progression of the disease, and histopathologic features is not fully elucidated. To address this gap, we conducted a retrospective study examining the associations between 42 serum biomarkers, histopathologic findings, and clinical outcomes in SJS/TEN patients.

Keratoconus in Thai population - a cross-sectional hospital-based study.

Background: Studies in the epidemiology of keratoconus are limited in Southeast Asia. A study on the prevalence and characteristics of keratoconus in the Thai population could give a general idea of its impact.

Objectives: To study keratoconus prevalence in patients seeking refractive surgery and analyze the characteristics of keratoconus.

Severe ocular complications of SJS/TEN and associations among pre-onset, acute, and chronic factors: a report from the international ophthalmology collaborative group.

We formed an international research collaboration that included Japan, South Korea, Brazil, Thailand, Taiwan, the UK, and the US (682 patients from 13 hospitals between 2005 and 2020), to better evaluate the role of race, ethnicity, and other risk factors in the pathophysiology of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Ophthalmologists often see SJS/TEN patients with severe ocular complications (SOC; frequency 50% SJS/TEN patients) when the patients are referred to them in the chronic stage after the acute stage has passed. Global data were collected using a Clinical Report Form, capturing pre-onset factors, as well as acute and chronic ocular findings.

Ocular surface microbiome in diabetes mellitus.

This cross-sectional, age- and gender-matched study included 20 eyes of non-diabetic subjects (non-DM group) and 60 eyes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM group). Subgroups of DM were classified by diabetic retinopathy (DR) staging into no DR (DM-no DR), non-proliferative DR (DM-NPDR), proliferative DR (DM-PDR), and by glycemic control (well-controlled DM; HbA1c < 7%, poorly controlled DM; HbA1c ≥ 7%). Conjunctival swabs were performed for ocular surface microbiome analysis using conventional culture and next-generation sequencing analysis (NGS).

Assessing the Risk Factors For Diagnosed Symptomatic Dry Eye Using a Smartphone App: Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Dry eye (DE) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the ocular surface of the eye that affects millions of people throughout the world. Smartphone use as an effective health care tool has grown exponentially. The "Dry eye or not?" app was created to evaluate the prevalence of symptomatic DE, screen for its occurrence, and provide feedback to users with symptomatic DE throughout Thailand.

Survival Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Corneal Transplantation: A 15-Year Retrospective Cohort Study at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital.

Purpose: To evaluate long-term survival outcomes and determine the prognostic factors of corneal transplantation performed at a tertiary referral hospital in Thailand.

Design: A 15-year retrospective cohort study.

Materials And Methods: One corneal graft per patient was selected; graft failure was defined as graft opacity due to recurrent disease or endothelial cell dysfunction.

Clinical parameters and biological markers associated with acute severe ocular complications in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions with high mortality rates. Its sequelae, such as blindness, persist even after recovery. Patients with SJS/TEN should be accurately diagnosed and receive appropriate treatment as soon as possible.

Alteration of corneal biomechanical properties in patients with dry eye disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between symptoms and signs of dry eye diseases (DED) with corneal biomechanical parameters.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 81 participants without history of ocular hypertension, glaucoma, keratoconus, corneal edema, contact lens use, diabetes, and ocular surgery. All participants were evaluated for symptoms and signs of DED using OSDI questionnaire, tear film break-up time (TBUT), conjunctival and corneal staining (NEI grading) and Schirmer test.

The Ocular Microbiome in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome.

The ocular surface microbiome is an essential factor that maintains ocular surface homeostasis. Since the ocular surface is continuously exposed to the external environment, its microbiome, tears, and local immunity are vital for maintaining normal conditions. Additionally, this microbiome helps prevent pathogen colonization, which commonly leads to opportunistic infection.

Clinical Characteristics, Histopathology, and Treatment Outcomes of Keratitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: To identify factors associated with the prognosis in keratitis.

Patients And Methods: The medical records of 25 patients (26 eyes) diagnosed with keratitis at a referral institution were reviewed. The demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment, microbiological diagnosis, histopathological features, and outcomes were recorded.

Association of HLA polymorphisms and acetaminophen-related Steven-Johnson syndrome with severe ocular complications in Thai population.

Background/aims: To investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms of human leucocyte antigens (HLA) class I and II genes with acetaminophen-related Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) who developed severe ocular complications (SOC) in the Thai population.

Methods: A prospective case-control study including 20 unrelated Thai acetaminophen-related SJS/TEN patients with SOC and 60 Thai healthy volunteers, recruited at three university hospitals in Bangkok, Thailand, from September 2014 to August 2019. HLA genes were analysed using PCR amplification followed by hybridisation with sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) probes with bead-based typing kits.

Cyclosporine Anionic and Cationic Ophthalmic Emulsions in Dry Eye Disease: A Literature Review.

: There are no clinical studies directly comparing anionic and cationic emulsions of cyclosporine for the treatment of dry eye disease (DED). We therefore conducted a literature review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these different formulations.: A literature search was performed in Embase and Medline from January 1999 to May 2019 to identify publications that evaluated clinical outcomes with either cyclosporine anionic or cationic emulsion in patients with moderate-to-severe or severe DED.

Comparison of the ocular microbiome between chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome patients and healthy subjects.

Stevens - Johnson syndrome (SJS) has manifestation through the exfoliation of epidermis and mucosal tissue. Ocular surface is usually affected in acute and chronic stage. The patients are usually suffered from chronic ocular sequelae including symblepharon, limbal stem cell deficiency, etc.

Association of SNPs in cold medicine-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome in Thailand.

Purpose: Our meta-analysis of several ethnic groups (Japanese, Korean, Indian, Brazilian) revealed a significant genome-wide association between cold medicine-related SJS/TEN (CM-SJS/TEN) with severe ocular complications (SOC) and SNPs, suggesting that might be a potential marker for susceptibility to CM-SJS/TEN with SOC. In this study, we examined the association between CM-SJS/TEN with SOC and the SNPs in the Thai population.

Methods: 57 CM-SJS/TEN with SOC and 171 control samples were collected at Chulalongkorn University and Mahidol University.

Topometric Indices And Corneal Densitometry Change After Corneal Refractive Surgery Combined With Simultaneous Collagen Crosslinking.

Purpose: To show the alteration of tomography, topometric indices and corneal densitometry after corneal refractive surgery combined with collagen crosslinking.

Patients And Methods: All medical records of patients undergoing corneal refractive surgery with simultaneous collagen crosslinking during April 2015 and August 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Corneal tomography, higher-order aberrations (HOA), topographic indices and corneal densitometry were evaluated.

Trinucleotide repeat expansion in the transcription factor 4 (TCF4) gene in Thai patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the intronic expansion of a trinucleotide repeat (TNR) in the TCF4 gene with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) in a Thai population.

Methods: In total, 54 Thai FECD patients and 54 controls were recruited for the study. Five SNPs (rs613872, rs2123392, rs17089887, rs1452787, and rs1348047), previously reported to be associated with FECD, were genotyped by direct sequencing.

A New Perspective on Dry Eye Classification: Proposal by the Asia Dry Eye Society.

The 2017 consensus report of the Asia Dry Eye Society (ADES) on the definition and diagnosis of dry eyes described dry eye disease as "Dry eye is a multifactorial disease characterized by unstable tear film causing a variety of symptoms and/or visual impairment, potentially accompanied by ocular surface damage." The report emphasized the instability of tear film and the importance of visual dysfunction in association with dry eyes, highlighting the importance of the evaluation of tear film stability. This report also discussed the concept of tear film-oriented therapy, which stemmed from the definition, and which is centered on provision of insufficient components in each tear film layer and ocular surface epithelium.

The Asia Cornea Society Infectious Keratitis Study: A Prospective Multicenter Study of Infectious Keratitis in Asia.

Purpose: To survey the demographics, risk factors, microbiology, and outcomes for infectious keratitis in Asia.

Design: Prospective, nonrandomized clinical study.

Methods: Thirteen study centers and 30 sub-centers recruited consecutive subjects over 12-18 months, and performed standardized data collection.

Association between HLA-B*44:03-HLA-C*07:01 haplotype and cold medicine-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome with severe ocular complications in Thailand.

Background: Polymorphisms in human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I genes have been found to be associated with cold medicine (CM)-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) with severe ocular complications (SOC). Because ethnic differences in genetic predisposition to SJS/TEN among different populations have been proposed, we focused on Thai patients and investigated the association between HLA class I genotypes and CM-SJS/TEN with SOC.

Methods: This multicentre case-control study was conducted between September 2014 and August 2017.

Comparison of performances of femtosecond laser and microkeratome for thin-flap laser in situ keratomileusis.

Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes of femtosecond laser (FS) and microkeratome (MK) for thin-flap in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Materials And Methods: Data from patients with moderate to high myopia (spherical equivalent, >-4 diopters [D]) who underwent thin-flap LASIK using FS (199 eyes/110 patients) and MK (157 eyes/86 patients) were analyzed in this retrospective study. Preoperative and postoperative data were recorded from day 1 and months 1 and 3, postoperatively.

Recurrent rates and risk factors associated with recurrent painful bullous keratopathy after primary phototherapeutic keratectomy.

Objective: To assess the recurrent rate, mean survival time, and risk factors associated with recurrent painful bullous keratopathy (BK) after primary treatment with phototherapeutic keratectomy.

Methods: Medical records from 72 patients (72 eyes) who had phototherapeutic keratectomy for painful BK were evaluated. Data for sex, age, duration of BK, associated ocular and systemic diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, asthma, dyslipidemia, and rheumatoid arthritis), frequency and degree of pain (grade 1-3), visual acuity, corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, and laser setting were extracted and analyzed.