[Kinetic model of aging biological species in natural habitat.].

It was found that the rate of change (kinetics) of the probability of death of representatives of living systems (LS) of different biological species - Drosophila, mice, rats, dogs, horses and people in the wild in their residence in different geographical areas, is described by a kinetic equation with similar values of the parameters. However, the kinetics of the probability of death of young people and rats, starting from birth, is more accurately described by the kinetic equation of a slightly different species, taking into account the prevailing process of development and adaptation of the organism to the environment. On the basis of a single kinetic approach to the description of the probability of death, an analytical model of the intensity of mortality in LS (approximation of the death rate - CS).

[Prediction of life expectancy for prostate cancer patients based on the kinetic theory of aging of living systems].

The article presents a methodical approach for prediction of life expectancy for people diagnosed with prostate cancer based on the kinetic theory of aging of living systems. The life expectancy is calculated by solving the differential equation for the rate of aging for three different stage of life - «normal» life, life with prostate cancer and life after combination therapy for prostate cancer. The mathematical model of aging for each stage of life has its own parameters identified by the statistical analysis of healthcare data from the Zharinov's databank and Rosstat CDR NES databank.

[Description of aging dogs and fruit flies based on the kinetic theory].

The aim of the study is to assess the adequacy of model representations, accepted in the kinetic theory of aging of living systems, the analysis of the experimental data obtained on dogs and fruit flies. The work is illustrated by applying the need to develop a mathematical model of the kinetic theory of aging to describe the probability density of death, probability of death, the average duration of life of the considered biological systems in the natural conditions of existence, as well as for dogs with limited time and chronic RA-diciannove impact, and for Drosophila - high external temperature. Op-defined kinetic equation of aging and their parameters.

Development of a space-borne spectrometer to monitor atmospheric ozone.

A new compact satellite spectrometer dedicated to monitoring terrestrial atmospheric ozone (ozonometer) is in preparation for the Russian Geophysics Program. Four instruments at four satellites (Ionosphere) are intended to monitor the total ozone content by measuring spectra of scattered solar radiation in nadir. The spectrometer is based on the Rowland scheme with a concave holographic diffraction grating.

[Forecasting of environmental health risk on the basis of the kinetic theory of aging of living systems].

The method of iterative congruence of search of parameters of kinetic mathematical model of aging of living systems according to medical statistics is developed. Its opportunities for the description of risk functions of mortality and life expectancy for the person and animals depending on environment factors are illustrated. The concept of forecasting of environmental risks--risks to population health from ecological factors of influence--is formulated.

[The kinetic theory of the aging of living systems].

Kinetic theory of aging of living systems is proposed. Theory is based on the concept of continuous adaptation of biological system (BS) from its birth to changing conditions of environment (ENV). Adaptation rate as rate of risk of destructions accumulation in BS is studied as competition between two simultaneous processes: BS destruction and recombination of damages defined by kinetics of autocatalytic chemical reactions.

[Mathematical model of the influence of the environment on the aging of living systems].

The authors propose a mathematical model of the influence of the environment on the aging of living systems. This model is based on the concept of continuous adaptation to the environment of biosystems from the moment of its birth. Adaptation rate as rate of risk of destructions accumulation in BS is studied as competition between two simultaneous processes: BS destruction and recombination of damages defined by kinetics of autocatalytic chemical reactions.

Effects of carbendazim on Kupffer cell functioning.

Carbendazim inhibited LPS-induced secretion of TNF-α and NO in the primary culture of rat Kupffer cells. At the same time, phagocytosis evaluated by latex particles engulfment significantly decreased after cell preincubation with carbendazim.

Albendazole and colchicine modulate LPS-induced secretion of inflammatory mediators by liver macrophages.

Colchicine and albendazole inhibited LPS-induced secretion of TNF-α and NO in a primary culture of rat Kupffer cells. Both agents potentiated the stimulating effect of this toxin on prostaglandin E2 secretion. The amount of prostaglandin D2 remained unchanged under these conditions.

Effects of ethanol and lipopolysaccharide on the sphingomyelin cycle in rat hepatocytes.

Lipopolysaccharide toxin added to primary hepatocyte culture slightly modified the basal concentrations of (3)H-serine-labeled sphingomyelin, sphingosine, and ceramide. Ethanol reduced the levels of sphingomyelin and sphingosine by 20-25 and 15-20%, respectively, but increased ceramide content by 7-17%. Tumor necrosis factor reduced the concentrations of sphingomyelin and sphingosine, but did not modify the content of ceramide.

[A new HPLC method for determination of main constituents of the streptothricin complex. Analysis of nourseothricin, grisin and kormogrisin].

A simple and reliable HPLC method for quantitative analysis of complex antibiotics consisting of a mixture of streptothricins F, E, D and C in a biological matrix was developed. The method is based on ion-pair separation of streptothricins on the reversed-phase C18 analytical column with UV detector (210 nm). Aqueous solution of acetonitrile containing trifluoroacetic acid and octane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt was used as eluent.

[Binding of lipopolysaccharide and complexes of lipopolysaccharide with serum low density lipoproteins to liver macrophages].

Binding of [3H]-lipopolysaccharide toxin (LPS) and complexes of LPS with serum [125I]-labeled low density lipoproteins (LDL) with primary culture of rat liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) has been studied. Total, specific and nonspecific binding was determined. The receptor interaction was shown to dominate for both LPS and LDL-LPS complexes, amounting to 70-77% and 80-85%, respectively.

Binding of LPS and LPS--LDL complexes to rat hepatocytes.

We studied binding of 3H-LPS toxin and LPS complexes with serum 125I-LDL to primary culture of rat hepatocytes. Receptor binding of LPS and LDL--LPS complex was 50 and 77% of the total, respectively. Scatchard plot was linear in both cases.

[Nernst potential as a driving force of the fast transmembrane diffusion (flip-flop) of the anionic natural phospholipid phosphatidylethanol].

A unique rapid flip-flop of the naturally occurring negatively charged phospholipid phosphatidylethanol in sonicated phosphatidylcholine vesicles was studied using 13C NMR and phosphatidylethanol 13C-labeled at the CH2 ethyl moiety. The transbilayer diffusion of phosphatidylethanol was observed in response to the formation of Nernst potential (t 1/2 < 7 min), indicating that phosphatidylethanol transfer occurs in the anionic form. The application of the fluorescent potential-sensitive dye di-4-ANEPPS showed that the phosphatidylethanol movement across the membrane was accompanied by a decrease in the Nernst potential.

Effect of ivermectin on function of liver macrophages.

Ivermectin had no effect on phagocytic function of liver macrophages, but blocked LPS-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor, NO, prostaglandin E2, and increase of intracellular concentration of Ca2+. These inhibitory effects were observed only in the presence of chlorine ions in the extracellular medium, which attested to involvement of glycine-dependent chlorine channels.

[Ivermectin inhibits activation of Kupffer cells induced by lipopolysaccharide toxin].

Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) secrete many physiologically active substances responsible for inflammatory reaction of the organism. The mechanism by which ivermectin, a macrocyclic lactone possessing a broad antiparasitic activity, modulates basic effects elicited by lipopolysaccharide in the primary culture of rat Kupffer cells was studied. It was found that ivermectin in the absence of endotoxin did not affect a functional state of the Kupffer cells.

[Comparative analysis of degradation of native avermectins and spinosyns by UV-HPLC].

Degradation rates and compositional changes in active ingredients of the two crop protection insecticides, Fitoverm and Spinosad, have been compared by using a reverse-phase HPLC with UV detection (250 nm). Decay of the major components of active ingredients: spinosyns A and D (Spinosad) and avermectins A1a, A2a, B1a and B2a (Fitoverm) was studied in the thin dry layer on the glass at sunlight at regular day/night changes of temperature. The following results were obtained: 1) 50% degradation time for spinosyns was about two times shorter than that for avermectins: at 40 degrees C day-time temperature it was 6 hours and 10 hours, respectively, while at 23 degrees C these times increased approx.

[The biosynthesis of low-molecular-weight nitrogen-containing secondary metabolite-alkaloids by the resident strains of Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium expansum isolated on the board of the Mir space station ].

The analysis of the absorption spectra of the low-molecular-weight nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites--alkaloids--of 4 Penicillium chrysogenum strains and 6 Penicillium expansum strains isolated on board the Mir space station showed that all these strains synthesize metabolites of alkaloid origin (roquefortine, 3,12-dihydroroquefortine, meleagrin, viridicatin, viridicatol, isorugulosuvin, rugulosuvin B, N-acetyl-tryptamine, and a "yellow metabolite" containing the benzoquinone chromophore).

[Analysis of kinetic parameters of gas phase bioreactors].

The dependence of toluene elimination capacity on its load was obtained in five small-scale reactors filled with glass beads carrying biocatalyst cells. With increase in operation time the calculated maximal elimination capacity was shown to increase along with biomass density in the biocatalyst bed. Fivefold increase in trickling intensity did not affect the reactor performance.

[Effect of avermectns on Ca(2+)-dependent chloride currents in plasmalemma of Chara corallina cells].

A natural complex of avermectins, aversectin C, and a component of this complex, avermectin A1, were shown to change the conductivity of Ca(2+)-dependent chloride channels of plasmalemma of Chara corallina cells by acting only from the outer side of the cellular membrane. Low concentrations of aversectin C and avermectin A1 increased the chloride current: K1/2 = 3.5 x 10(-5) mg/ml for the whole complex and K1/2 = 2.

[Selective cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of avermectins].

A natural avermectin complex, aversectin C, was shown to be capable of exerting selective cytostatic effect. It killed proliferating neuroblastoma B 103 cells but was non-toxic for differentiated cells of this culture. The activity of aversectin C was related neither to activation of the GABA alpha-receptors nor to their blocking and was at a large extent due to the action of avermectin A1, a component of aversectin C.

Biological induced corrosion of materials II: new test methods and experiences from MIR station.

During previous long-term manned missions, more than 100 species of microorganisms have been identified on surfaces of materials (bacteria and fungi). Among them were potentially pathogenic ones (saprophytes) which are capable of active growth on artificial substrates, as well as technophilic bacteria and fungi causing damages (destruction and degradation) to various materials (metals and polymers), resulting in failures and disruptions in the functioning of equipment and hardware. Aboard a space vehicle some microclimatic parameters are optimal for microorganism growth: the atmospheric fluid condensate with its specific composition, chemical and/or anthropogenic contaminants (human metabolic products, etc.

[Cytotoxic and cytostatic effect of avermectines on tumor cells in vitro].

Effect of natural avermectin complex (aversectin C) and separate avermectins A1, A2, B1 and B2 in the cell culture of murine myeloma Ns/o, Erlich carcinoma ascites and human larynx carcinoma Hep-2 was investigated. It was shown that aversectin C within the concentrations of 0.1 to 1.

[Problems of environmental compatibility of the Russian and US segment of the International space station].

The problem of environmental compatibility of the ISS Russian and U.S. segments arises from chemical and biological inequality of their atmospheres and is attested by the data of observations during operation of Russian orbital stations Salyut and Mir.

[Action of avermectins on lymphoid leukemia P-388 cells in vitro].

Avermectins are final products in the fermentation process with Streptomyces avermitilis. They have parasitocidic activity and are used as the main substances of insectoacaronematocides. The study of the activity of the natural avermectin complex (aversectin C) and separate avermectins A1, A2, B1 and B2 in the cell culture of lymphoid leukemia P-388 showed that within the concentrations of 0.