Trends and gaps in biodiversity and ecosystem services research: A text mining approach.

Understanding the relationship between biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services concepts is essential for evidence-based policy development. We used text mining augmented by topic modelling to analyse abstracts of 15 310 peer-reviewed papers (from 2000 to 2020). We identified nine major topics; "Research & Policy", "Urban and Spatial Planning", "Economics & Conservation", "Diversity & Plants", "Species & Climate change", "Agriculture", "Conservation and Distribution", "Carbon & Soil & Forestry", "Hydro-& Microbiology".

Combined effects of agrochemicals and ecosystem services on crop yield across Europe.

Simultaneously enhancing ecosystem services provided by biodiversity below and above ground is recommended to reduce dependence on chemical pesticides and mineral fertilisers in agriculture. However, consequences for crop yield have been poorly evaluated. Above ground, increased landscape complexity is assumed to enhance biological pest control, whereas below ground, soil organic carbon is a proxy for several yield-supporting services.

Habitat preferences of two sparrow species are modified by abundances of other birds in an urban environment.

Every species has certain habitat requirements, which may be altered by interactions with other co-occurring species. These interactions are mostly ignored in predictive models trying to identify key habitat variables correlated with species population abundance/occurrence. We investigated how the structure of the urban landscape, food resources, potential competitors, predators, and interaction between these factors influence the abundance of house sparrow and the tree sparrow in sixty 25 ha plots distributed randomly across residential areas of the city of Poznań (Poland).

Urbanization affects neophilia and risk-taking at bird-feeders.

Urban environments cover vast areas with a high density of humans and their dogs and cats causing problems for exploitation of new resources by wild animals. Such resources facilitate colonization by individuals with a high level of neophilia predicting that urban animals should show more neophilia than rural conspecifics. We provided bird-feeders across urban environments in 14 Polish cities and matched nearby rural habitats, testing whether the presence of a novel item (a brightly coloured green object made out of gum with a tuft of hair) differentially delayed arrival at feeders in rural compared to urban habitats.

Exposure of Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta; Lumbricidea) to Cadmium Polluted Soil Inhibits Earthworm Maturation and Reproduction but not Restoration of Experimentally Depleted Coelomocytes or Regeneration of Amputated Segments.

Lumbricid earthworms are often exposed to polluted soil. They are also commonly subjected to various stimuli and attacks by predators that induce extrusion of coelomocyte-containing coelomic fluid and/or the loss of body segments followed by the renewal of immune-competent cells and regeneration of tissues/organs. The aim of our investigations was to test the effects of exposure of the earthworm Eisenia andrei to cadmium-polluted soil, combined with electrostimulation-induced depletion of coelomocytes (i.