Indicators of lumbar zygapophyseal joint pain: survey of an expert panel with the Delphi technique.

Background And Purpose: The lumbar zygapophyseal joints (LZJs) are thought to be a source of low back pain (LBP); however, no valid or reliable indicators exist. The purpose of this study was to obtain a consensus from an expert panel on the indicators of LZJ pain.

Subjects: A multidisciplinary panel of 20 experts in the field of LBP participated in this study.