Yokoyama procedure for esotropia associated with high myopia: real-world data from a large-scale multicentre analysis.

Purpose: High myopic patients may develop strabismus due to globe dislocation out of the normal extraocular muscle cone. Surgical correction of this strabismus type is possible by joining the superior and lateral rectus muscles without the need for a scleral suture called the Yokoyama procedure. Data from large patient samples and the evaluation of a potential effect of an additional medial rectus recession (MRR) have been lacking so far.

Botulinum toxin for temporary corneal protection after surgery for vestibular schwannoma.

Object: High-grade postoperative facial nerve paresis after surgery for vestibular schwannoma with insufficient eye closure involves a risk for severe ocular complications. When conservative measurements are not sufficient, conventional invasive treatments include tarsorrhaphy and eyelid loading. In this study, injection of botulinum toxin into the levator palpebrae muscle was investigated as an alternative for temporary iatrogenic eye closure.

KIF21A variant R954W in familial or sporadic cases of CFEOM1.

Purpose: To demonstrate the clinical characteristics and determine mutations in the KIF21A gene, encoding a kinesin motor protein in patients with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) type 1.

Methods: Patients of five families with congenital fibrosis syndrome and two simplex patients with CFEOM underwent ophthalmologic examination and mutation analysis in the KIF21A gene.

Results: Clinical examination and passive motility testing prior to surgery met criteria for CFEOM.

Isolated bilateral blindness as the sole manifestation of transient ischaemic attacks.

Purpose: To explain the rare phenomenon of acute transient bilateral blindness without additional ophthalmological or neurological symptoms and signs.

Methods: Six patients with isolated bilateral visual loss lasting 1-15 mins and occurring simultaneously in both eyes were evaluated. Clinical observation, neuroimaging (CT, MRI, MR-angiography), extra- and transcranial Doppler and vascular risk factors assessment were performed.

Update on chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia.

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders. External ophthalmoplegia is the most frequent symptom. Other frequently involved tissues and organs include the retina, heart, limb muscles, peripheral and central nervous system, inner ear and endocrine system.

Cyclic vertical deviation after ocular myositis and treatment by recession of the inferior rectus muscle.

Background: Cyclic strabismus is a rare disorder in which strabismus and orthotropia regularly alternate over a period of mostly 48 h. It may occur spontaneously, upon squint surgery, or in association with lesions of the central nervous system. In most cases the deviations are convergent.

[Congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles (CFEOM) and other phenotypes of congenital cranial dysinnervation syndromes (CCDD)].

Currently, different syndromes with congenital, nonprogressive, sporadic, or familial developmental abnormalities of the cranial nerves and its nuclei are classified as congenital cranial dysinnervation syndromes (CCDD). One of these syndromes, congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles (CFEOM), is characterized mainly by bilateral ophthalmoplegia of the oculomotor and trochlear nerves. Within the scope of an overview, the case of a 60-year-old patient with congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles type 1 (CFEOM1) with autosomal dominant inheritance and typical phenotype, but additional progression of the ocular symptoms, is presented.