Population Kinetics of 0.9% Saline Distribution in Hemorrhaged Awake and Isoflurane-anesthetized Volunteers.

Background: Population-based, pharmacokinetic modeling can be used to describe variability in fluid distribution and dilution between individuals and across populations. The authors hypothesized that dilution produced by crystalloid infusion after hemorrhage would be larger in anesthetized than in awake subjects and that population kinetic modeling would identify differences in covariates.

Methods: Twelve healthy volunteers, seven females and five males, mean age 28 ± 4.