Recent advances in the use of Trichoderma-containing multicomponent microbial inoculants for pathogen control and plant growth promotion.

Chemical pesticides and fertilizers are used in agricultural production worldwide to prevent damage from plant pathogenic microorganisms, insects, and nematodes, to minimize crop losses and to preserve crop quality. However, the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers can severely pollute soil, water, and air, posing risks to the environment and human health. Consequently, developing new, alternative, environment-friendly microbial soil treatment interventions for plant protection and crop yield increase has become indispensable.

Development of a Multicomponent Microbiological Soil Inoculant and Its Performance in Sweet Potato Cultivation.

The cultivation and consumption of sweet potato () are increasing globally. As the usage of chemical fertilizers and pest control agents during its cultivation may lead to soil, water and air pollution, there is an emerging need for environment-friendly, biological solutions enabling increased amounts of healthy crop and efficient disease management. Microbiological agents for agricultural purposes gained increasing importance in the past few decades.

Epidemiology, Biotic Interactions and Biological Control of Armillarioids in the Northern Hemisphere.

Armillarioids, including the genera , and , represent white-rot specific fungal saprotrophs with soilborne pathogenic potentials on woody hosts. They propagate in the soil by root-like rhizomorphs, connecting between susceptible root sections of their hosts, and often forming extended colonies in native forests. Pathogenic abilities of and genets can readily manifest in compromised hosts, or hosts with full vigour can be invaded by virulent mycelia when exposed to a larger number of newly formed genets.

[Clinical effect of various trimetazidine formulations in chronic coronary syndrome].

Introduction: Trimetazidine is a metabolic agent of proven efficacy in the management of chronic coronary syndromes. According to guidelines, trimetazidine should be considered as a second-line treatment to reduce angina frequency and improve exercise tolerance in subjects whose symptoms are not adequately controlled by beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and/or long-acting nitrates. Aim: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different doses (3 × 20 mg, 2 × 35 mg, 1 × 80 mg) of trimetazidine formulations in stable angina pectoris.

E2FA and E2FB transcription factors coordinate cell proliferation with seed maturation.

The E2F transcription factors and the RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED repressor protein are principal regulators coordinating cell proliferation with differentiation, but their role during seed development is little understood. We show that in fully developed embryos, cell number was not affected either in single or double mutants for the activator-type and Accordingly, these E2Fs are only partially required for the expression of cell cycle genes. In contrast, the expression of key seed maturation genes / (/), , and is upregulated in the double mutant embryo.

Molecular Tools for Monitoring in Agricultural Environments.

Various species possess significance in agricultural systems as biofertilizers or biocontrol agents (BCAs). Besides these beneficial features, certain species can also act as agricultural pests, causing the green mold disease of cultivated mushrooms. This double-faced nature of the genus in agricultural environments points at the importance of proper monitoring tools, which can be used to follow the presence and performance of candidate as well as patented and/or registered biocontrol strains, to assess the possible risks arising from their application, but also to track harmful, unwanted species like the green molds in mushroom growing facilities.

[Classical antihypertensive drugs: diuretics].

The diuretics are essential medicaments of antihypertensive therapy. They reduce blood pressure and cardiovascular events optimally. With increasing doses of thiazides and thiazide analogs do not come further powerful effect of reducing blood pressure or cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, but clearly elevate the side effects.

Influence of inhomogeneous static magnetic field-exposure on patients with erosive gastritis: a randomized, self- and placebo-controlled, double-blind, single centre, pilot study.

This pilot study was devoted to the effect of static magnetic field (SMF)-exposure on erosive gastritis. The randomized, self- and placebo-controlled, double-blind, pilot study included 16 patients of the 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University diagnosed with erosive gastritis. The instrumental analysis followed a qualitative (pre-intervention) assessment of the symptoms by the patient: lower heartburn (in the ventricle), upper heartburn (in the oesophagus), epigastric pain, regurgitation, bloating and dry cough.

[Epidemiology and treatment of chronic heart failure; use of bisoprolol].

The prevalence of chronic heart failure in Hungary is 1.6% in the adult population, but it occurs in 15-20% of subjects over 80 years of age. The base of treatment of heart failure is the blockade of the neuro-hormonal system, which includes the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (angiotensin receptor blockers in case of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors intolerance), beta receptor blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists.

Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure reduction with a perindopril/amlodipine fixed-dose combination.

Background: Most hypertensive patients need more than one agent to achieve blood pressure (BP) control. The fixed dose combinations can provide effective 24-h BP control, which is essential in hypertension management.

Aims: The primary objectives of the PErindopril/Amlodipine Reduction of blood pressure Level (PEARL) ABPM substudy were to assess the effect of a perindopril/amlodipine fixed-dose combination on mean 24-h BP, daytime BP, and nighttime BP in a subgroup of PEARL patients.

[Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring].

During the last decades non-invasive 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring has evolved from a research tool of limited clinical use into an important method for stratifying cardiovascular risk and guiding therapeutic decisions. Until recently, clinical use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring focused on identifying patients with white-coat hypertension, but accumulated evidence now points to its greater prognostic significance in determining risk for target-organ damage compared with that of office blood pressure measurements. Ambulatory measurement of blood pressure using automated devices has also demonstrated benefit in other indications, such as treatment resistance and borderline hypertension, or in hypertension during pregnancy.

[Management of Fabry disease].

Fabry disease is a rare, X-linked lysosomal storage disorder that leads to accumulation of globotriaosylceramide in different tissues of the body. The disease is progressive and the first symptoms usually present in childhood. Consequences of the disease are disability and premature death.

[Fabry disease--diagnostic guideline].

Fabry disease is a rare, X-linked lysosomal storage disorder that leads to accumulation of globotriaosylceramide in different tissues of the body. The disease is progressive, first symptoms usually present in childhood. Consequencies of the diseases are disability and premature death.

Mean-field theory of a recurrent epidemiological model.

Our purpose is to provide a mean-field theory for the discrete time-step susceptible-infected-recovered-susceptible (SIRS) model on uncorrelated networks with arbitrary degree distributions. The effect of network structure, time delays, and infection rate on the stability of oscillating and fixed point solutions is examined through analysis of discrete time mean-field equations. Consideration of two scenarios for disease contagion demonstrates that the manner in which contagion is transmitted from an infected individual to a contacted susceptible individual is of primary importance.

Dynamics of the one-dimensional self-organized forest-fire model.

We examine the dynamical evolution of the one-dimensional self-organized forest-fire model (FFM), when the system is far from its statistically steady state. In particular, we investigate situations in which conditions change on a time scale that is faster than, or of the order of the typical time needed for relaxation. An analytical approach is introduced based on a hierarchy of first-order nonlinear differential equations.

Control of rare intense events in spatiotemporally chaotic systems.

We address the problem of using feedback control for the purpose of suppressing rare intense events in spatially extended systems. As an example, we investigate the use of control to suppress turbulent spikes in the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation in the limit of small dissipation. We explore how information obtained by forecasting can be used to implement spatially and temporally localized control parameter changes and how control strength and cost are related to effectiveness in this framework.

[The prevention of the hypertension related damage in type-2 diabetes: the first step of the ADVANCE trial].

ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular disease: preterAx and diamicroN-MR Controlled Evaluation) is a large-scale trial designed to investigate the benefits of blood pressure lowering and intensive glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. After a mean of 4.3 years of follow-up, 73% of those assigned to active treatment (fix combination of 4/1.

[Advanced credit: patient enrolling and therapy initiation in the ADVANCE trial].

In the new millennium, high blood pressure and diabetes are emerging as one of the greatest threats to the health of populations worldwide. The comanagement of diabetes (hemoglobinA1c < 6.5%), and hypertension (blood pressure <130/80 Hgmm), has become central to the prevention of macro- and microvascular disease in diabetic patients.

[The efficacy of indapamide in different cardiovascular outcome--meta-analysis].

Background: First line antihypertensive treatment's drugs have to be able to decrease the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This kind of efficacy of thiazides type diuretics were published earlier in several studies. The efficacy of indapamide was investigated in several studies, but there is no analysis which is including all of the indapamide-studies.

[The role of antioxidants in prevention].

The imbalance between free radical formation and the mechanisms involved in eliminating them results in oxidative stress which lies at the baseline of many diseases. There are many pathological conditions that can be prevented or even be cured by the application of antioxidants. Food containing plenty of natural antioxidants is very important in the maintenance of health and in the prevention of many illnesses.

[Clopidogrel in the prevention of stroke].

Ischemic heart diseases continue to be leading causes of death throughout the world. Blood platelets play a pivotal role not only in haemostasis but also in the pathogenesis of thrombosis and atherosclerosis, platelet aggregation being an essential step in the formation of either an effective haemostatic plug or an intravascular thrombus. The benefits of various antiplatelet therapies ranging from aspirin, ticlopidine, Clopidogrel, and intravenous platelet GPIIb/IIIa antagonists in various thromboembolic disorders are well documented.

[Revival of antihypertensive therapy: use of thiazide diuretics].

In the international and the Hungarian guidelines, the diuretics in the first line of the treatment of hypertension. Their sometimes false judgment is based on the side effects, because of the over dosage of the applied medication. According to finished studies, efficiency of thiazides is usually the same as that of their competitors in influencing of the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Diurnal blood pressure pattern may predict the increase of urinary albumin excretion in normotensive normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.

To characterise the relationship between diurnal blood pressure and the subsequent increase of urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in normotensive normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetic patients, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed in 53 patients, who were then followed for 5 years. Albumin excretion rate changed from 12.4 (8.