Reconstructing population exposures to acrylamide from human monitoring data using a pharmacokinetic framework.

Background: Acrylamide toxicity involves several metabolic pathways. Thus, a panel of blood and urinary biomarkers for the evaluation of acrylamide exposure was deemed appropriate.

Objective: The study was designed to evaluate daily acrylamide exposure in US adults via hemoglobin adducts and urinary metabolites using a pharmacokinetic framework.

Caspase-dependent secondary lens fiber cell disintegration in alphaA-/alphaB-crystallin double-knockout mice.

alphaB-crystallin has been demonstrated, in tissue culture experiments, to be a caspase 3 inhibitor; however, no animal model studies have yet been described. Here, we show that morphological abnormalities in lens secondary fiber cells of alphaA-/alphaB-crystallin gene double knockout (DKO) mice are consistent with, and probably result from, elevated DEVDase and VEIDase activities, corresponding to caspase 3 and caspase 6, respectively. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed an increased amount of caspase 6, and the active form of caspase 3, in specific regions of the DKO lens, coincident with the site of cell disintegration.