En-masse Retraction of the Maxillary Anterior Teeth by Applying Force from Four Different Levels - A Finite Element Study.

Objective: To find out if it is possible to control maxillary anterior teeth in sagittal and vertical plane during retraction by altering the vertical levels of force application in the posterior region, i.e. identifying the type of movement of the maxillary anterior teeth which occurs when force would be applied from four different levels i.