Abdominal immune-related adverse events: detection on ultrasonography, CT, MRI and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies are associated with a unique spectrum of complications termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The abdomen is the most frequent site of severe irAEs that require hospitalization with life-threatening consequences. Most abdominal irAEs such as enterocolitis, hepatitis, cholangiopathy, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, adrenalitis, and sarcoid-like reaction are initially detected on imaging such as ultrasonography (US), CT, MRI and fusion 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-CT during routine surveillance of cancer therapy.

Atypical Response Patterns in Patients Treated With Nivolumab.

The purpose of this study is to assess the frequency of atypical response patterns in oncology patients treated with the programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitor nivolumab. This retrospective study included 254 patients treated with nivolumab alone or in combination, from January 2013 through August 2017. A blinded reader prospectively assessed treatment response.

CT prediction of surgical outcome in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Objective: A scoring system has been proposed to predict gross residual disease at primary debulking surgery (PDS) for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. This scoring system has not been assessed in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). The aim of this study is to assess the reproducibility and prognostic significance of the scoring system when applied to women undergoing NACT followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS).

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Cancer Therapy: Spectrum of Imaging Findings.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a new class of cancer therapeutics that have demonstrated striking successes in a rapid series of clinical trials. Consequently, these drugs have dramatically increased in clinical use since being first approved for advanced melanoma in 2011. Current indications in addition to melanoma are non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and classical Hodgkin lymphoma.

Imaging features and metastatic pattern of non-IVC retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas: are they different from IVC leiomyosarcomas?

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to describe the imaging features and metastatic pattern of non-inferior vena cava (IVC) retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas (non-IVC LMS) and to compare them with those of IVC leiomyosarcomas (IVC LMS) to assess any differences between the 2 groups.

Materials And Methods: In this institutional review board-approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant retrospective study, all 56 patients with pathologically confirmed primary retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma (34 non-IVC LMS and 22 IVC LMS) seen at our tertiary cancer center during a 10-year period were included. All available imaging of primary tumor (18 non-IVC LMS and 19 IVC LMS) and follow-up imaging studies (on all 56 patients) were reviewed in consensus by 2 fellowship-trained oncoradiologists.

MRI, MDCT features, and clinical outcome of extremity leiomyosarcomas: experience in 47 patients.

Objective: To describe MRI, MDCT features, and clinical outcome of extremity leiomyosarcomas (LMS).

Materials And Methods: In this IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective study, we included 47 patients (23 women, 24 men; mean age: 55.3 years, range: 17-85 years) with pathologically confirmed extremity LMS seen at our adult tertiary cancer center between 2000 and 2012.

Comparison of performance of various tumour response criteria in assessment of regorafenib activity in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours after failure of imatinib and sunitinib.

Purpose: To compare performance of various tumour response criteria (TRCs) in assessment of regorafenib activity in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) with prior failure of imatinib and sunitinib.

Methods: Twenty participants in a phase II trial received oral regorafenib (median duration 47 weeks; interquartile range (IQR) 24-88) with computed tomography (CT) imaging at baseline and every two months thereafter. Tumour response was prospectively determined on using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) 1.

Typical and atypical metastatic sites of recurrent endometrial carcinoma.

The purpose of this article is to illustrate the imaging findings of typical and atypical metastatic sites of recurrent endometrial carcinoma. Typical sites include local pelvic recurrence, pelvic and para-aortic nodes, peritoneum, and lungs. Atypical sites include extra-abdominal lymph nodes, liver, adrenals, brain, bones and soft tissue.

MRI for evaluation of myeloid sarcoma in adults: a single-institution 10-year experience.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utilization and role of MRI in the management of myeloid sarcoma in adults.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study of 69 patients with pathologically proven myeloid sarcoma included 25 patients (16 men, nine women; mean age, 55 years; range, 22-78 years) who underwent pretreatment MRI at our institution from January 2001 to October 2011. A total of 71 MRI examinations were evaluated by two radiologists in consensus.

Extent of thoracic aortic atheroma burden and long-term mortality after cardiothoracic surgery: a computed tomography study.

Objectives: We hypothesized that the extent of aortic atheroma of the entire thoracic aorta, determined by pre-operative multidetector-row computed tomographic angiography (MDCTA), is associated with long-term mortality following nonaortic cardiothoracic surgery.

Background: In patients evaluated for cardiothoracic surgery, presence of severe aortic atheroma is associated with adverse short- and long-term post-operative outcome. However, the relationship between aortic plaque burden and mortality remains unknown.

Pre-procedural imaging of aortic root orientation and dimensions: comparison between X-ray angiographic planar imaging and 3-dimensional multidetector row computed tomography.

Objectives: We sought to examine whether contrast-enhanced multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) allows prediction of X-ray angiographic planes for the root angiogram in the context of transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Background: Understanding of aortic root orientation relative to the body axis is critical for precise positioning of the stent/valve during transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Methods: Forty patients with severe aortic stenosis underwent conventional X-ray angiography and contrast-enhanced MDCT of the aortic root.

Prevalence of significant peripheral artery disease in patients evaluated for percutaneous aortic valve insertion: Preprocedural assessment with multidetector computed tomography.

Objectives: Percutaneous aortic valve insertion is an emerging treatment option for selected patients with severe aortic stenosis and may be done from a transfemoral or transapical approach. Concomitant atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease limits transfemoral access. We evaluated the potential role of multidetector computed tomography in preoperative assessment of vascular anatomy.

Aortic root morphology in patients undergoing percutaneous aortic valve replacement: evidence of aortic root remodeling.

Objective: Percutaneous aortic valve replacement is an emerging therapy for selected patients with severe aortic stenosis. Preoperative imaging of the aortic root facilitates sizing and deployment of the percutaneous aortic valve replacement device. We compared morphologic characteristics of the aortic root in patients with aortic stenosis versus elderly gender-matched controls using multidetector computed tomography.

Effects of surgical ventricular restoration on left ventricular contractility assessed by a novel contractility index in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.

A pressure-normalized left ventricular (LV) wall stress (dsigma*/dt(max)) was recently reported as a load-independent index of LV contractility. We hypothesized that this novel contractility index might demonstrate improvement in LV contractile function after surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) using magnetic resonance imaging. A retrospective analysis of magnetic resonance imaging data of 40 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting with SVR was performed.