Optimizing hepatitis B virus seroprotection in thoracic organ transplantation: The role of HepB-CpG (Heplisav-B) vaccination schedule.

Introduction: Heplisav-B, a CpG-adjuvanted recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine, has a higher seroprotection rate and immunogenicity than the conventional HBV vaccine. This study aimed to identify the predictors of HBV seroprotection post-transplantation in thoracic organ transplant recipients who received Heplisav-B.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of adult thoracic organ (heart and lung) transplant recipients at Mayo Clinic sites in Minnesota, Arizona, and Florida between January 2020 and August 2023.

The Outcomes of Adenovirus Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Background: Adenovirus (ADV) infection can lead to significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, particularly in those with hematopoietic stem cells or solid organ transplants. The incidence of ADV infection in kidney transplant (KT) is not well-defined as ADV is often asymptomatic and not routinely checked.

Methods: This retrospective case-series study included KT and simultaneous pancreas-KT (SPKT) recipients from January 1, 2008, to January 31, 2024, across three Mayo Clinic sites (Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota) with symptomatic adenovirus polymerase chain reaction cases.

Brain abscess following solid organ transplantation: A 21-year retrospective study.

Background: Development of brain abscess following solid organ transplantation is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We undertook a descriptive study to evaluate the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of brain abscess in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients at three major transplant centers in the United States.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of adults with brain abscess following SOT between January 2000 and June 2021 at Mayo Clinic sites in Arizona, Minnesota, and Florida.

Hepatitis B Vaccine Compliance, Serologic Response, and Durability in Adult Thoracic Organ Transplant Recipients.

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination is recommended for solid organ transplant (SOT) candidates. However, there is a lack of data on the HBV vaccine compliance, serologic response, and durability of HBV seroprotection in thoracic organ transplantation recipients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of adult thoracic organ (heart and lung) transplant candidates who received HBV vaccination at Mayo Clinic sites in Minnesota, Arizona, and Florida between January 2018 and August 2023.

Analysis of Indeterminate QuantiFERON Assay Results in Solid Organ Transplant Candidates and Proposed Management Algorithm.

Background: Identification and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) mitigate the risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation after transplantation. TB reactivation is higher in those with indeterminate QuantiFERON (QFT) than those with negative results. Management of indeterminate QFT results in the pretransplant period remains unclear.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Kidney Transplantation - A 2024 Update.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has led to the death of about 7 million people worldwide. When infected, older individuals and those with diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and compromised immune system are at higher risk for unfavorable outcomes. These comorbidities are prevalent in kidney transplant candidates and recipients making them inherently vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, hence, the significant burden the pandemic has exerted on kidney transplant programs.

Corrigendum to "Nitrosamines crisis in pharmaceuticals - Insights on toxicological implications, root causes and risk assessment: A systematic review" [J. Pharm. Anal. 14 (2024) 100919].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.

Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in Non-Liver Solid Organ Transplantation: Incidence and Risk Analysis.

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBVr) can occur in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with previously inactive hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Previous studies have reported that HBVr is generally less than 10% in nonliver SOT recipients with past HBV infection.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study from January 2018 to August 2023 at Mayo Clinic sites in Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota.

The Cascade of Care in Management of Solid Organ Transplant Candidates With Latent Tuberculosis Infection.

Background: Solid organ transplant (SOT) candidates should be screened and treated for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to prevent tuberculosis (TB) reactivation after transplantation. We aimed to assess the steps from positive QuantiFERON (QFT) through LTBI treatment (cascade of care) in the SOT population.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of SOT recipients older than 18 y with a positive QFT during pretransplant evaluation at the Mayo Clinic from January 2010 to June 2023.

Novel Gene Variant of Congenital Lipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia With Testicular Adrenal Rests.

A mutation in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein () gene, which encodes a protein that plays a crucial role in steroid hormone synthesis, causes a severe form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) known as lipoid CAH (LCAH). LCAH presents with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) as well as atypical genitalia. Individuals with LCAH require adrenal steroid hormone supplements for survival.

Nitrosamines crisis in pharmaceuticals - Insights on toxicological implications, root causes and risk assessment: A systematic review.

The presence of -nitroso compounds, particularly -nitrosamines, in pharmaceutical products has raised global safety concerns due to their significant genotoxic and mutagenic effects. This systematic review investigates their toxicity in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), drug products, and pharmaceutical excipients, along with novel analytical strategies for detection, root cause analysis, reformulation strategies, and regulatory guidelines for nitrosamines. This review emphasizes the molecular toxicity of -nitroso compounds, focusing on genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, and other physiological effects.

Serial Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Galactomannan and Treatment Response in Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis.

We studied patients diagnosed with aspergillosis based on positive bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) galactomannan (GM) who had follow-up BAL sampling within 180 days. GM trend and clinical outcome were concordant in only 60% (30/50). While useful for the initial diagnosis, BAL GM trending does not always correlate with treatment response.

Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Infection in Immunosuppressed and Immunocompetent Adults.

Importance: West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of human arboviral disease in the US, peaking during summer. The incidence of WNV, including its neuroinvasive form (NWNV), is increasing, largely due to the expanding distribution of its vector, the Culex mosquito, and climatic changes causing heavy monsoon rains. However, the distinct characteristics and outcomes of NWNV in individuals who are immunosuppressed (IS) and individuals who are not IS remain underexplored.

Impact of Early Rejection Treatment on Infection Development in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Propensity Analysis.

Introduction: The impact of renal allograft rejection treatment on infection development has not been formally defined in the literature.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 185 rejection (case) and 185 nonrejection (control) kidney transplant patients treated at our institution from 2014 to 2020 to understand the impact of rejection on infection development. Propensity scoring was used to match cohorts.

A Case of Sustained Viral Shedding of Mpox With Ocular Involvement Resulting in Vision Loss.

Mpox, caused by infection with , usually presents as a mild, self-limited illness in immunocompetent persons that resolves within 2-4 weeks. Serious complications have been reported when mpox lesions involve vulnerable anatomic sites, such as the eye, and in those with substantial immunosuppression. We describe a patient with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection and sustained viral shedding of mpox with ocular involvement, which resulted in vision loss.

Invasive Nocardia Infections across Distinct Geographic Regions, United States.

We reviewed invasive infections in 3 noncontiguous geographic areas in the United States during 2011–2018. Among 268 patients with invasive nocardiosis, 48.2% were from Minnesota, 32.

septic arthritis.

A woman in her 50s presented with a 4-day history of left knee pain, erythema, swelling as well as malaise and rigours 1 month after undergoing a left knee meniscectomy. She was diagnosed with left native knee septic arthritis and underwent arthroscopic irrigation and debridement of the knee; cultures from synovial tissue grew spp are soil-dwelling and livestock-dwelling bacteria which occasionally cause disease in immunocompromised hosts. Infection in immunocompetent hosts is rare, and septic arthritis secondary to has not been reported previously.

Risk factors and outcomes of Pneumocystis pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients: Impact of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder.

Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a potentially fatal infection afflicting the immunocompromised population, including solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Several risk factors have been described; however, little is known regarding the risk of PJP in SOT recipients with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD).

Methods: We performed a nested case-control study of SOT recipients diagnosed with PJP from 2000 to 2020.

Species designation of streptococci causing infective endocarditis in patients with mitral valve prolapse.

Objectives: Viridans group streptococci (VGS) have been previously linked to infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP). The species identification of VGS is now available in clinical laboratories; however, it has not been examined in MVP IE. Therefore, we detailed the clinical profile, species designations, and antibiotic susceptibility of VGS isolates from patients with MVP IE.

Case report: Emphysematous pyelonephritis associated with kidney allograft abscess formation.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a severe, acute necrotizing infection that is defined by the presence of gas in the kidney parenchyma. Multiple case reports have described the radiological findings and clinical course of EPN. Herein, we report on EPN including the histopathological findings in a kidney transplant recipient.

Neuroinvasive West Nile virus infection in solid organ transplant recipients.

Background: Literature on the natural course of neuroinvasive West Nile virus (WNV) infection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients is sparse. In the setting of a 2021 WNV outbreak in Arizona, we reviewed our institution's experience with neuroinvasive WNV infection in patients with SOT.

Methods: We retrospectively identified SOT recipients treated for neuroinvasive WNV at Mayo Clinic in Arizona from 2007 through 2021.