Shedding New Light on the Hull-Pericarp Adhesion Mechanisms of Barley Grains by Transcriptomics Analysis of Isogenic and Lines.

In barley having adherent hulls, an irreversible connection between the pericarp with both palea and lemma is formed during grain maturation. A mutation in the () gene prevents this connection and leads to the formation of barley with non-adherent hulls. A genetic model of two isogenic lines was used to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of hull adhesion: a doubled haploid line having adherent hulls and its derivative with non-adherent hulls obtained by targeted mutagenesis of the gene.

Accumulation of Anthocyanin in the Aleurone of Barley Grains by Targeted Restoration of the Gene.

Blue barley grain pigmentation results from anthocyanin accumulation in the aleurone layer. Anthocyanins are known for their beneficial effects on human health. The gene encoding the MYELOCYTOMATOSIS 2 (MYC2) transcription factor is potentially responsible for the blue coloration of the aleurone.

The Avoidance of Purine Stretches by Cancer Mutations.

Purine stretches, sequences of adenine (A) and guanine (G) in DNA, play critical roles in binding regulatory protein factors and influence gene expression by affecting DNA folding. This study investigates the relationship between purine stretches and cancer development, considering the aromaticity of purines, quantified by methods like Hückel's rule and NICS calculations, and the importance of the flanking sequence context. A pronounced avoidance of long purine stretches by typical cancer mutations was observed in public data on the intergenic regions of cancer patients, suggesting a role of intergenic sequences in chromatin reorganization and gene regulation.

Involvement of Abscisic Acid in Transition of Pea ( L.) Seeds from Germination to Post-Germination Stages.

The transition from seed to seedling represents a critical developmental step in the life cycle of higher plants, dramatically affecting plant ontogenesis and stress tolerance. The release from dormancy to acquiring germination ability is defined by a balance of phytohormones, with the substantial contribution of abscisic acid (ABA), which inhibits germination. We studied the embryonic axis of L.

Enabling genome editing in tropical maize lines through an improved, morphogenic regulator-assisted transformation protocol.

The recalcitrance exhibited by many maize () genotypes to traditional genetic transformation protocols poses a significant challenge to the large-scale application of genome editing (GE) in this major crop species. Although a few maize genotypes are widely used for genetic transformation, they prove unsuitable for agronomic tests in field trials or commercial applications. This challenge is exacerbated by the predominance of transformable maize lines adapted to temperate geographies, despite a considerable proportion of maize production occurring in the tropics.

Features of Activity of the Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Pathway in Melanin-Accumulating Barley Grains.

Barley ( L.) grain pigmentation is caused by two types of phenolic compounds: anthocyanins (which are flavonoids) give a blue or purple color, and melanins (which are products of enzymatic oxidation and polymerization of phenolic compounds) give a black or brown color. Genes and determine the synthesis of purple anthocyanins in the grain pericarp, whereas melanins are formed under the control of the gene in hulls and pericarp tissues.

Seed-to-Seedling Transition in L.: A Transcriptomic Approach.

The seed-to-seedling transition is a crucial step in the plant life cycle. The transition occurs at the end of seed germination and corresponds to the initiation of embryonic root growth. To improve our understanding of how a seed transforms into a seedling, we germinated the L.

Duplicated and genes in barley genome.

Background: Anthocyanin compounds playing multiple biological functions can be synthesized in different parts of barley ( L.) plant. The diversity of anthocyanin molecules is related with branching the pathway to alternative ways in which dihydroflavonols may be modified either with the help of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (3') or flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (3'5')-the cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases.

htsget: a protocol for securely streaming genomic data.

Summary: Standardized interfaces for efficiently accessing high-throughput sequencing data are a fundamental requirement for large-scale genomic data sharing. We have developed htsget, a protocol for secure, efficient and reliable access to sequencing read and variation data. We demonstrate four independent client and server implementations, and the results of a comprehensive interoperability demonstration.

[Cystic tumors of the pancreas].

Thirty-three patients were operated on for cystic tumors of the pancreas at the Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery in 1980-90. Cystadenoma of the pancreas was found in 16 (48.5%) of them and cystadenocarcinoma in 15 (45.

[Problems in the surgical treatment of pancreatic chronic diseases].

The work analyses the results of 999 operations on the pancreas conducted in 861 patients with chronic oncological and nonneoplastic diseases of the gland. Pancreatoduodenal resection (PDR) was performed in 171 patients (for tumors of the pancreaticoduodenal zone in 151 and for chronic pancreatitis of the head of the gland in 20) in 13 of them a modified operation with preservation of the stomach and pylorus was carried out. The late-term results were satisfactory in both groups of patients, the survival of oncological patients was much higher after radical operations then after palliative surgery.

[Computerized tomography of the mechanical jaundice in the involvement of the distal region of the common bile duct].

Computerized tomography (CT) is a noninvasive indirect method of instrumental investigation for imaging the liver, bile ducts and the adjacent organs. CT enables one to confirm objectively the mechanical nature of jaundice, to assess a degree and level of involvement of the biliary tract, to assess the nature and spreading of disease. CT sensitivity for the diagnosis of pancreatic head cancer was 78.

[Computed tomography in the diagnosis of mechanic jaundice complicated with diseases of the distal common bile duct].

Computerized tomography (CT) is a noninvasive indirect method of instrumental investigation for imaging the liver, bile ducts and the adjacent organs. CT enables one to confirm objectively the mechanical nature of jaundice, to assess a degree and level of involvement of the biliary tract, to assess the nature and spreading of disease. CT sensitivity for the diagnosis of pancreatic head cancer was 78.

[Surgical treatment of patients with chronic calculous pancreatitis].

The article discusses experience in the examination of 109 patients with chronic calculous pancreatitis (CCP), 102 of them were treated by operation (a total of 130 operations were carried out). Calculous cholecystitis was a consequence of alcohol intake in 102 cases, and was due to other causes in 7 cases. In 71% of cases CCP was attended by the development of indirect signs of pancreatic hypertension and in 45.

[A method of pancreato-duodenal resection and total duodeno- pancreatectomy].

During 1975-88 the staff of the Vishnevskiĭ+ Institute of Surgery performed 95 pancreatoduodenal resections (PDR) and 23 total duodenopancreatectomies (TDPE) in malignant tumors of the head of the pancreas (49), major duodenal papilla (30), terminal choledochus (12), duodenum (12), and in 15 patients with chronic pancreatitis. In 13 cases PDR and TDPE were undertaken as a second operation after creation of biliodigestive anastomoses: after laparoscopic cholecystostomy in 24 and after various abdominal operations in 20 cases. In 30 cases PDR was carried out with the formation of a pancreaticojejunal+ anastomosis, by the longitudinal techniques in 7 of them, in 47 cases with occlusion of the pancreatic duct, and in 6 with the formation of a "occlusive" pancreaticojejunal anastomosis++ suggested by the authors.

[Nervous and mental disorders in patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis].

Presented are the results of comprehensive CNS examinations in 53 alcoholics with chronic pancreatitis. Related psychopathological and neurological syndromes are specified. Hepatopancreatoduodenal and CNS abnormalities were found directly correlated.

[Computerized tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of mechanical jaundice].

The article describes the authors' experience with the application of computer tomography (CT) for diagnosis and treatment of 82 patients with mechanical jaundice. Invasive (diagnostic and curative) manipulations under the control of CT were fulfilled in 35 of them. A conclusion is made that CT gives an exact and objective information concerning the state of bile ducts under conditions of mechanical jaundice, confirms its mechanical character, makes differential diagnostics of its causes, allows to estimate the possibility of radical surgery.