Producing a High-Quality Surgical Video.

Producing high-quality surgical videos requires an understanding of cognitive theory and a working knowledge of film principles. In this editorial, we delve into pre-production, filming, and editing fundamentals that help create a professional product and highlight techniques to optimize knowledge acquisition through video content.

"A Retrospective Evaluation of the Impact of Prenatal Diagnosis of Facial Clefts. Does Prenatal Diagnosis Matter?".

Background: With the advent of improved prenatal detection, some patients with facial clefting are diagnosed prenatally while others are diagnosed postnatally. There is limited data regarding the utility of prenatal diagnosis and how this affects care of patients with facial clefts.

Methods And Materials: A retrospective chart review was performed.

Estimated Time of Arrival: Impact of Healthcare Disparities on Access to and Outcomes of Multidisciplinary Cleft Lip and Palate Care.

Objective: To determine the impact of sociodemographic and clinical factors on patient presentation into the cleft care pathway and determine how delayed interventions may affect post-surgical outcomes.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Multidisciplinary craniofacial clinics of two university hospitals.

Early Utilization of Ketorolac in Cleft Palate Repair.

Objective: To determine the effect of ketorolac on opiate requirement and hospital length of stay after palatoplasty.

Design: This was a retrospective chart review.

Setting: This study was completed at an urban tertiary medical center.

Type 3 Laryngeal Clefts Presenting with Upper Airway Obstruction without Aspiration.

Traditionally, otolaryngologists are taught that the defining clinical feature of a laryngeal cleft is aspiration. However, in a small subset of patients-even those with extensive clefts-the sole presenting feature may be airway obstruction. Here, we report two cases of type III laryngeal clefts that presented with upper airway obstruction without aspiration.

Incidence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in children undergoing elective otolaryngologic surgery throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: Children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are less clinically affected than adults, with most cases presenting as asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. However, true rates of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in children remain unclear. We sought to examine rates of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic children and the role of children in transmission.

A 12-Day-Old Female with Hypothermia, Hypoglycemia and Hyperbilirubinemia.

A 12-day-old, full-term female, born small for gestational age, presented to the emergency department with a 1-week history of worsening hyperbilirubinemia, intermittent hypoglycemia, and episodic hypothermia. The baby's emergency department evaluation revealed transaminitis, pneumatosis intestinalis, indirect hyperbilirubinemia, and hypoglycemia. She was admitted to the ICU and received intravenous glucose, bowel rest, and phototherapy.

Endoscopic management of intralingual thyroglossal duct cysts: Case series and systematic review.

Objective: To discuss our institutional experience with endoscopic management of intralingual thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) and review cases in the published literature in a systematic review.

Methods: Pediatric patients with intralingual TGDC treated with endoscopic surgery at our institution from 2009-2019 were identified. Metrics from our case series were then compared to those in the literature in a systematic review to assess pooled outcomes of endoscopic or transoral management.

Polysomnography-guided mandibular distraction osteogenesis in Pierre Robin sequence patients.

Study Objectives: Craniofacial malformations with micrognathia cause high grades of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) measured by polysomnography (PSG). Mandibular distraction osteogenesis is a novel procedure for upper airway obstruction relief. Our primary objective was to describe the utilization of PSGs to improve obstruction in patients undergoing mandibular distraction.

Tympanostomy tubes in the age of quarantine.

Objectives: After state-mandated COVID-19 quarantine measures were lifted in 2020, pediatric otolaryngologists noticed that many children who were previously scheduled for tympanostomy tube (TT) placement for indications of acute otitis media (AOM) or chronic middle ear effusions (OME) no longer required surgery. This study aims to describe the effect of home-quarantine on pediatric patients with recurrent AOM and OME to increase our understanding of these conditions.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of pediatric patients that were originally scheduled for TT for recurrent AOM and/or OME, but had their procedure cancelled due to COVID-19.

Polysomnography use in complex term and preterm infants to facilitate evaluation and management in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Study Objectives: (1) To determine the characteristics of term and preterm infants for whom polysomnography (PSG) was used as a primary diagnostic tool in infants with recurrent desaturation episodes, suspected obstructive apnea, or both, and the prevalence of abnormal studies. (2) To identify the interventions following PSGs. (3) To assess the added value of airway and swallow evaluations.

IVORY Guidelines (Instructional Videos in Otorhinolaryngology by YO-IFOS): A Consensus on Surgical Videos in Ear, Nose, and Throat.

Objectives/hypothesis: Otolaryngology instructional videos available online are often of poor quality. The objective of this article was to establish international consensus recommendations for the production of educational surgical videos in otolaryngology.

Study Design: DELPHI survey.

Pseudo-cobra neck deformity due to aplasia cutis congenita.

Aplasia cutis congenita is a rare but heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by the absence of one or more areas of skin sometimes extending to deeper tissues. The disorder as a solitary neck lesion has yet to be reported in the literature. Our patient presented with a pseudo-cobra neck deformity secondary to aplasia cutis congenita.

Establishing an Office-Based Framework for Resuming Otolaryngology Care in Academic Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: The COVID-19 health crisis abruptly disrupted the practice of otolaryngology. This article aims to define the changes needed to operate an academic otolaryngology practice safely and efficiently from within the epicenter of the pandemic. We define the areas of normal patient workflow that have been affected by COVID-19, and we offer mitigation strategies with attention paid to the specific needs of subspecialties.

Pediatric flexible laryngoscopy: Trends in diagnostic abilities throughout training.

Objectives: Our objectives were to evaluate the ability of residents to diagnose pathology of the pediatric larynx on laryngoscopy, to trend this ability throughout training, to compare their skills to pediatric otolaryngologists, and to determine whether reviewing digitally captured videos in slow motion, as opposed to a live exam, enhanced diagnostic abilities. In addition, we identified pathologies and anatomical sub-sites that posed diagnostic challenges.

Methods: Qualtrics was used to design and distribute an online test, which included 15 pediatric laryngoscopy videos.

Recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis in the setting of fucosidosis, a rare lysosomal storage disorder.

Fucosidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of alpha-L-fucosidase. We present the case of an affected female in the second decade of life with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) including recalcitrant polypoid inflammation, which has not been previously reported in the literature. With the advancement of life-prolonging measures, children with lysosomal storage disorders may suffer increasingly from CRS due to the lymphohistiocytic and macrophage infiltrate of the paranasal sinus mucosa that resembles severe polypoid inflammation.

Surgery of the head and neck in patient with Kniest dysplasia: Is wound healing an issue?

Kniest dysplasia is a type II collagen disorder that arises from a genetic mutation of the COL2A1 gene that results in short stature, midface anomalies, tracheomalacia, and hearing loss. Disruption of the normal collagen pathway can lead to many changes given its critical role in the body, and can cause complications with respect to wound healing. We present a case in which a patient with Kniest dysplasia successfully underwent multiple procedures in the head and neck region including cochlear implantation, mandibular distraction, palatoplasty, and laryngotracheal reconstruction.

Histopathological effect of balloon dilation in a live rabbit: Implications for the pediatric airway.

Objective/hypothesis: To examine the short- and long-term histopathologic changes that occur in the subglottis in response to airway balloon dilation (ABD) with different balloon diameters and inflation pressures.

Study Design: Prospective animal study using forty-two 8-month old New Zealand white rabbits at an academic animal research facility.

Methods: Thirty-nine live New Zealand rabbits underwent a single ABD with diameters ranging from 6.

Thyroglossal duct cyst and ectopic thyroid: surgical management.

The embryology, presentation, imaging, and treatment of the thyroglossal duct cyst will be reviewed. Anatomic features and surgical technique to prevent complications and recurrence will be discussed. Included in the discussion will be the management of thyroglossal duct cyst malignancy and ectopic thyroid.

Tracheal cartilaginous sleeve association with syndromic midface hypoplasia.

Importance: We report 2 new cases of tracheal cartilaginous sleeve and perform a systematic literature review of all documented cases of this condition. We aim to increase awareness of this anomaly and provide recommendations for both intraoperative and postoperative management of patients with tracheal cartilaginous sleeve undergoing tracheostomy.

Observations: We studied the clinical records of 2 children with tracheal cartilaginous sleeves and short tracheas treated at our institution.

Feasibility and mortality of airway balloon dilation in a live rabbit model.

Importance: Endoscopic balloon dilation is commonly performed in children with airway stenosis, but guidelines are needed for selecting safe and effective balloon inflation parameters.

Objective: To determine the feasibility and safety of airway balloon dilation in live rabbits using a range of balloon diameters and pressures.

Design And Setting: Prospective animal study using 32 adult New Zealand white rabbits with 1-week follow-up performed at an academic animal research facility.