Producing a High-Quality Surgical Video.

Producing high-quality surgical videos requires an understanding of cognitive theory and a working knowledge of film principles. In this editorial, we delve into pre-production, filming, and editing fundamentals that help create a professional product and highlight techniques to optimize knowledge acquisition through video content.

Type 3 Laryngeal Clefts Presenting with Upper Airway Obstruction without Aspiration.

Traditionally, otolaryngologists are taught that the defining clinical feature of a laryngeal cleft is aspiration. However, in a small subset of patients-even those with extensive clefts-the sole presenting feature may be airway obstruction. Here, we report two cases of type III laryngeal clefts that presented with upper airway obstruction without aspiration.

Incidence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in children undergoing elective otolaryngologic surgery throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: Children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are less clinically affected than adults, with most cases presenting as asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. However, true rates of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in children remain unclear. We sought to examine rates of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic children and the role of children in transmission.

A 12-Day-Old Female with Hypothermia, Hypoglycemia and Hyperbilirubinemia.

A 12-day-old, full-term female, born small for gestational age, presented to the emergency department with a 1-week history of worsening hyperbilirubinemia, intermittent hypoglycemia, and episodic hypothermia. The baby's emergency department evaluation revealed transaminitis, pneumatosis intestinalis, indirect hyperbilirubinemia, and hypoglycemia. She was admitted to the ICU and received intravenous glucose, bowel rest, and phototherapy.

Endoscopic management of intralingual thyroglossal duct cysts: Case series and systematic review.

Objective: To discuss our institutional experience with endoscopic management of intralingual thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) and review cases in the published literature in a systematic review.

Methods: Pediatric patients with intralingual TGDC treated with endoscopic surgery at our institution from 2009-2019 were identified. Metrics from our case series were then compared to those in the literature in a systematic review to assess pooled outcomes of endoscopic or transoral management.

Tympanostomy tubes in the age of quarantine.

Objectives: After state-mandated COVID-19 quarantine measures were lifted in 2020, pediatric otolaryngologists noticed that many children who were previously scheduled for tympanostomy tube (TT) placement for indications of acute otitis media (AOM) or chronic middle ear effusions (OME) no longer required surgery. This study aims to describe the effect of home-quarantine on pediatric patients with recurrent AOM and OME to increase our understanding of these conditions.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of pediatric patients that were originally scheduled for TT for recurrent AOM and/or OME, but had their procedure cancelled due to COVID-19.

Polysomnography use in complex term and preterm infants to facilitate evaluation and management in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Study Objectives: (1) To determine the characteristics of term and preterm infants for whom polysomnography (PSG) was used as a primary diagnostic tool in infants with recurrent desaturation episodes, suspected obstructive apnea, or both, and the prevalence of abnormal studies. (2) To identify the interventions following PSGs. (3) To assess the added value of airway and swallow evaluations.

IVORY Guidelines (Instructional Videos in Otorhinolaryngology by YO-IFOS): A Consensus on Surgical Videos in Ear, Nose, and Throat.

Objectives/hypothesis: Otolaryngology instructional videos available online are often of poor quality. The objective of this article was to establish international consensus recommendations for the production of educational surgical videos in otolaryngology.

Study Design: DELPHI survey.

Pseudo-cobra neck deformity due to aplasia cutis congenita.

Aplasia cutis congenita is a rare but heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by the absence of one or more areas of skin sometimes extending to deeper tissues. The disorder as a solitary neck lesion has yet to be reported in the literature. Our patient presented with a pseudo-cobra neck deformity secondary to aplasia cutis congenita.

Establishing an Office-Based Framework for Resuming Otolaryngology Care in Academic Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: The COVID-19 health crisis abruptly disrupted the practice of otolaryngology. This article aims to define the changes needed to operate an academic otolaryngology practice safely and efficiently from within the epicenter of the pandemic. We define the areas of normal patient workflow that have been affected by COVID-19, and we offer mitigation strategies with attention paid to the specific needs of subspecialties.

Pediatric flexible laryngoscopy: Trends in diagnostic abilities throughout training.

Objectives: Our objectives were to evaluate the ability of residents to diagnose pathology of the pediatric larynx on laryngoscopy, to trend this ability throughout training, to compare their skills to pediatric otolaryngologists, and to determine whether reviewing digitally captured videos in slow motion, as opposed to a live exam, enhanced diagnostic abilities. In addition, we identified pathologies and anatomical sub-sites that posed diagnostic challenges.

Methods: Qualtrics was used to design and distribute an online test, which included 15 pediatric laryngoscopy videos.

Recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis in the setting of fucosidosis, a rare lysosomal storage disorder.

Fucosidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of alpha-L-fucosidase. We present the case of an affected female in the second decade of life with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) including recalcitrant polypoid inflammation, which has not been previously reported in the literature. With the advancement of life-prolonging measures, children with lysosomal storage disorders may suffer increasingly from CRS due to the lymphohistiocytic and macrophage infiltrate of the paranasal sinus mucosa that resembles severe polypoid inflammation.

Surgery of the head and neck in patient with Kniest dysplasia: Is wound healing an issue?

Kniest dysplasia is a type II collagen disorder that arises from a genetic mutation of the COL2A1 gene that results in short stature, midface anomalies, tracheomalacia, and hearing loss. Disruption of the normal collagen pathway can lead to many changes given its critical role in the body, and can cause complications with respect to wound healing. We present a case in which a patient with Kniest dysplasia successfully underwent multiple procedures in the head and neck region including cochlear implantation, mandibular distraction, palatoplasty, and laryngotracheal reconstruction.

Histopathological effect of balloon dilation in a live rabbit: Implications for the pediatric airway.

Objective/hypothesis: To examine the short- and long-term histopathologic changes that occur in the subglottis in response to airway balloon dilation (ABD) with different balloon diameters and inflation pressures.

Study Design: Prospective animal study using forty-two 8-month old New Zealand white rabbits at an academic animal research facility.

Methods: Thirty-nine live New Zealand rabbits underwent a single ABD with diameters ranging from 6.

Thyroglossal duct cyst and ectopic thyroid: surgical management.

The embryology, presentation, imaging, and treatment of the thyroglossal duct cyst will be reviewed. Anatomic features and surgical technique to prevent complications and recurrence will be discussed. Included in the discussion will be the management of thyroglossal duct cyst malignancy and ectopic thyroid.

Tracheal cartilaginous sleeve association with syndromic midface hypoplasia.

Importance: We report 2 new cases of tracheal cartilaginous sleeve and perform a systematic literature review of all documented cases of this condition. We aim to increase awareness of this anomaly and provide recommendations for both intraoperative and postoperative management of patients with tracheal cartilaginous sleeve undergoing tracheostomy.

Observations: We studied the clinical records of 2 children with tracheal cartilaginous sleeves and short tracheas treated at our institution.

Feasibility and mortality of airway balloon dilation in a live rabbit model.

Importance: Endoscopic balloon dilation is commonly performed in children with airway stenosis, but guidelines are needed for selecting safe and effective balloon inflation parameters.

Objective: To determine the feasibility and safety of airway balloon dilation in live rabbits using a range of balloon diameters and pressures.

Design And Setting: Prospective animal study using 32 adult New Zealand white rabbits with 1-week follow-up performed at an academic animal research facility.

Occult laryngomalacia resulting in obstructive sleep apnea in an infant.

Classic laryngomalacia presents in the awake infant with progressive stridor when agitated. Occult laryngomalacia usually presents with stridor in children older than 2 years and is limited to sleep or exercise. There have been no documented cases of occult laryngomalacia causing obstructive sleep apnea in infants.

Floor of mouth masses in children: proposal of a new algorithm.

Objective: Many surgical techniques have been described to manage floor of mouth masses, but few studies have described the approach to these masses in children. This case series summarizes a single institution's experience with pediatric floor of mouth masses.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all children who presented at our tertiary care facility with FOM masses between 2007 and 2012.

Factors contributing to cost in partial versus total tonsillectomy.

Objectives/hypothesis: To examine differences between total tonsillectomy and partial intracapsular tonsillectomy techniques that may lead to differences in overall cost and resource utilization between these procedures. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative management and outcome factors were examined.

Study Design: Retrospective review at two university-based tertiary care hospitals from January 2007 to June 2010.