Publications by authors named "Vikas Yadav"

Introduction: Vitamin D is crucial in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism, and its deficiency is widespread even in sun-rich regions like India. The present study sought to elucidate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in infants and its potential association with various anthropometric and hematological parameters.

Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in northern India (in 2013-14) and involved 77 nine-month-old infants.

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  • - The study aimed to evaluate genetic diversity in Momordica dioica by examining various traits in 21 accessions, using methods like the best linear unbiased predictor (BLUPs) for analysis.
  • - Key traits like fruit weight, yield per plant, and vine length were found to contribute significantly to growth and yield characteristics, leading to the identification of three clusters, with group III housing the most genotypes.
  • - Various genetic parameters, including heritability and genetic variability, were calculated, showing high phenotypic and genotypic variability for several traits, such as vine length and fruit weight, indicating good potential for trait-specific line development.
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The study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of a chitosan-coated fisetin nanoformulation in an experimental Alzheimer's disease (AD) model, focusing on improving fisetin's pharmacokinetics and exploring its impact on both brain and colon pathology. AD was induced in mice by intracerebroventricular administration of Aβ. Mice were treated with either fisetin or a fisetin nanoformulation (5 mg/kg/day, orally) for 21 days.

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), particularly host defense peptides (HDPs), have gained recognition for their role in host defense mechanisms, but they have also shown potential as a promising anticancer, antiviral, antiparasitic, antifungal and immunomodulatory agent. Research studies in recent years have shown HDPs play a crucial role in endothelial cell function and biology. The function of endothelial cells is impacted by HDPs' complex interplay between cytoprotective and cytotoxic actions as they are known to modulate barrier integrity, inflammatory response and angiogenesis.

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  • * Researchers identified clinical isolates with hypermutation due to transposition of a retrotransposon (Cnl1), driven by a mutation in an RNA interference (RNAi) component.
  • * A study revealed that while some isolates lose RNAi function without triggering hypermutation, introducing RNAi loss mutations into non-hypermutator strains could induce a hypermutator phenotype, highlighting two possible evolutionary pathways following RNAi loss: either leading to hypermutation or enabling survival without it.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health burden with high incidence and mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-protein coding transcripts, conserved throughout evolution, with an important role in CRC tumorigenesis, and are either upregulated or downregulated in various cancers. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are known as essential regulators of miRNA activity.

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Background and objective Radiation therapy plays a significant role in the radical treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancers. Studies have shown the radiobiological advantage of accelerated chemoradiation over conventional chemoradiation as it reduces the chances of accelerated repopulation and decreases overall treatment time. This study aimed to assess the response and toxicities of accelerated concomitant chemoradiation in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients.

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Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are widely acknowledged as the drivers of tumor initiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression, and metastasis. Originating from both hematologic and solid malignancies, CSCs exhibit quiescence, pluripotency, and self-renewal akin to normal stem cells, thus orchestrating tumor heterogeneity and growth. Through a dynamic interplay with the tumor microenvironment (TME) and intricate signaling cascades, CSCs undergo transitions from differentiated cancer cells, culminating in therapy resistance and disease recurrence.

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Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc), an autosomal recessive disorder, is associated with cognitive and behavioral abnormalities. Previous studies were focused around exploring the functional annotation of VPS13A gene in ChAc, whereas the genetic labyrinth underlying this disease and plausible drug targets were underexplored. In the present study, we have identified the pivotal genes and molecular pathways implicated in ChAc using comprehensive bioinformatics analysis.

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While increased mutation rates typically have negative consequences in multicellular organisms, hypermutation can be advantageous for microbes adapting to the environment. Previously, we identified two hypermutator clinical isolates that rapidly develop drug resistance due to transposition of a retrotransposon, Cnl1. Cnl1-mediated hypermutation is caused by a nonsense mutation in the gene encoding a novel RNAi component, Znf3, combined with a tremendous transposon burden.

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Gastrointestinal malignancies are one of the major worldwide health concerns. In the present review, we have assessed the plausible therapeutic implication of Ursolic Acid (UA) against gastrointestinal cancer. By modulating several signaling pathways critical in cancer development, UA could offer anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-metastatic properties.

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  • * A total of 23 studies were included, revealing an overall anxiety prevalence of 18.7% among older adults, though results showed significant variability between studies.
  • * The findings highlight the growing concern of mental health issues in the elderly population, urging policymakers and health systems to address anxiety as a public health priority due to an increasing elderly demographic and changing health patterns.
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  • Helicobacter pylori is a major human pathogen linked to serious health issues like duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer, exacerbated by rising antibiotic resistance.
  • The study focuses on G-quadruplexes (G4s) in the H. pylori genome, which may regulate gene expression and are often found in critical regions of DNA.
  • Researchers used techniques like Circular Dichroism spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to show that G4 ligands can inhibit H. pylori growth, indicating the potential for new treatments by targeting these structures.
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Acute-phase inhibition of the pro-inflammatory alarmin S100A8/A9 improves cardiac function post-myocardial infarction (MI), but the mechanisms underlying the long-term benefits of this short-term treatment remain to be elucidated. Here, we assessed the effects of S100A8/A9 blockade with the small-molecule inhibitor ABR-238901 on myocardial neovascularization in mice with induced MI. The treatment significantly reduced S100A9 and increased neovascularization in the myocardium, assessed by CD31 staining.

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In recent times, there have been notable advancements in comprehending the potential anti-cancer effects of chrysin (CH), a naturally occurring flavonoid compound found abundantly in various plant sources like honey, propolis, and certain fruits and vegetables. This active compound has garnered significant attention due to its promising therapeutic qualities and minimal toxicity. CH's ability to combat cancer arises from its multifaceted mechanisms of action, including the initiation of apoptosis and the inhibition of proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and cell cycle progression.

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The current demand for composites reinforced with renewable fibers is greater than it has ever been. In comparison to glass fibers, natural fibers yield the advantages of lesser density and cost. Although comparable specific properties exist between glass and natural fibers, the latter shows lower strength.

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The mammalian brain's complete dependence on oxygen for ATP production makes it highly susceptible to hypoxia, at high altitudes or in clinical scenarios including anemia or pulmonary disease. Hypoxia plays a crucial role in the development of various brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases. On the other hand, a decrease in environmental oxygen levels, such as prolonged stays at high elevations, may have beneficial impacts on the process of ageing and the likelihood of death.

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Functional characterization of enzymes/proteins requires determination of the binding affinity of small molecules or other biomolecules with the target proteins. Several available techniques, such as proteomics and drug discovery strategies, require a precise and high-throughput assay for rapid and reliable screening of potential candidates for further testing. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), a well-established label-free technique, directly measures biomolecular affinities.

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Anxiety symptoms when coexisting with tuberculosis (TB), can have deleterious effects on treatment continuation that could contribute to the development of treatment resistance in TB. It is essential to understand the prevalence of anxiety in TB to develop clinical recommendations for its management. The primary objective of our review was to estimate the pooled prevalence of anxiety in TB patients along with the estimation of stress and quality of life in such patients.

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Cancer, being the most formidable ailment, has had a profound impact on the human health. The disease is primarily associated with genetic mutations that impact oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Recently, growing evidence have shown that X-linked TSGs have specific role in cancer progression and metastasis as well.

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The shelf life of whole wheat bread (WWB) significantly impacts its freshness and overall quality. This research investigated the impact of chitosan lactate (CL) on various characteristics influencing the shelf life of WWB, including its physical, chemical, textural, antimicrobial, and sensory attributes. These characteristics were evaluated by conducting various experiments such as physical inspection, moisture, impedance, swelling, color, texture, FTIR, microbiological, and sensory analysis.

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  • * Key contributors to AMR include improper antibiotic usage, lack of sanitation, insufficient infection control in healthcare settings, and limited access to medicines and educational resources on the issue.
  • * The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight AMR as a global challenge that threatens both health and economic stability, with environmental pollution also playing a significant role in exacerbating the problem.
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